It has been reported that AQP1 knockout mice become severely dehydrated after water deprivation, manifesting marked serum
hyperosmolality and lethargy.
In particular, it is necessary to examine modified diets for potential
hyperosmolality. Hyperosmolar formulas can cause abdominal discomfort, delayed gastric emptying, cramps, diarrhea, and dehydration, and can promote the development of necrotizing enterocolitis and damage to the kidneys and the brain in infants [15].
In renal vein thrombosis most common differential diagnosis are prematurity, central venous lines, diabetic mother, asphyxia, infections, dehydration, polycythaemia, reduced renal blood flow due to shock and
hyperosmolality, congenital heart disease and congenital deficiency of anticoagulants.
Tissue
hyperosmolality as a mediator of vasodilation and transcapillary fluid flux in exercising skeletal muscle.
In addition, alkali therapy with NaHC[O.sub.3] has specific side effects, such as hypernatremia,
hyperosmolality, and volume overload (4, 9, 10).
Hyperosmolality, high viscosity, and chemotoxicity of CMs lead to dehydration and shrinking of endothelial cells.
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 is required for intrinsic osmoreception in organum vasculosum lamina terminalis neurons and for normal thirst responses to systemic
hyperosmolality. J Neurosci 2006; 26: 9069-9075, doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0877-06.2006.
It is assumed that
hyperosmolality and other environmental stimuli increase cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]) and osmosensing Ca2+ channels in animals and bacteria function as osmosensors (Kung, 2005; Arnadottir and Chalfie, 2010).
Drying of the nasal mucosa could lead to
hyperosmolality, neural activation, and bronchoconstriction (Koskela 2007).
However, the role of sodium bicarbonate in the management of acute acidosis remains controversial and may even be associated with potential side effects and complications such as volume overload, metabolic alkalosis, hypercapnia, hypokalemia, hypernatremia and
hyperosmolality, and ionized hypocalcemia [6, 7].
Although the mechanisms underlying the cause of altered sensorium in DKA are unclear, it may be due to different causes, including compromised cerebral blood flow, reduced cerebral glucose utilization,
hyperosmolality, high blood glucose concentrations, acidosis, or a direct effect of ketone bodies among many other proposed theories and factors.
Goodman, "
Hyperosmolality in small infants due to propylene glycol," Pediatrics, vol.
