granzymes

gran·zymes

(gran'zīmz),
Proteases with serine esterase activities that represent most of the granule content of T cytotoxic cells.
[granule + -zyme]
Farlex Partner Medical Dictionary © Farlex 2012
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The ELISpot and FluoroSpot Assay are using to detect various antibodies, cytokines, and granzymes. ELISpot and FluoroSpot Assay are a sensitive technique used for the recognition of immune cells which specific proteins such as cytokines or antibodies.
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Natural killer cells are also cytotoxic by releasing proteins called perforin that form holes in the cell membrane where granzymes enter to destroy the virus inside the cell.
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Activated CAR T-cells release perforin and granzymes that attack tumour cells directly.
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Alefacept inhibits T effectors by apoptosis of T cells (releasing granzymes by the NK cells).
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Tregs may also kill their target cells through cell contact-dependent cytolysis by granzymes A and B, in both perforin-dependent and perforin-independent manner, or induce apoptosis via the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-death receptor 5 (TRAILDR5) pathway, among other means [25].
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[CD8.sup.+] lymphocytes contribute to tissue injury and cell death in the lung via the release of proteolytic enzymes, such as perforin and granzymes [117-120].
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The treatment also resulted in marked upregulation in the level of granzymes (granzymes B and C) and perforin protein concomitant to induce programmed cell death [12].
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In the inflammatory sites, increased levels of neutrophil serine proteases (like elastase, cathepsin G, or chymotrypsin) [139], macrophagesderived PR3 and caspase-1 [140, 141], or granzymes from NK cells [142] are released from activated or dying cells and these enzymes cleave the N-terminal peptide of IL-1[beta] and release the active free C-terminal cytokine part (Figure 1).
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He demonstrated that the NK activity and the expression of granulysin, and granzymes A in the NK cells significantly increased after incubation.
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The cytotoxic effect of killers is realized in the target cell plasma membrane by special proteins--perforins, granzymes, etc., which lead to the formation in this organoid of perforations (pores).
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Release of granzymes and chemokines in Thai patients with leptospirosis.
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The cytotoxic function of NK-cells and CTLs is mediated by release of cytolytic granules, which contain perforin, granzymes, and other serine-specific proteases, into the immunological synapse that forms between the effector and the target cell.
Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis with A665G perforin gene mutation: a case report / A665G Perforin Gen Mutasyonu Olan Ailesel Hemofagositik Lenfohistiyositozis: Bir Olgu Sunumu

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