hexandrum treated mother rats were more efficient in negative
geotaxis than control on 6th day, but on later days the efficiency was comparable to control (Table 3).
A total of 51 individuals that were infected by Polymorphus minutus and 59 uninfected animals from the Veze River were used for
geotaxis tests.
Effect of API on Negative
Geotaxis. The data for the effect of AP1 on the negative
geotaxis behavior are shown in Figure 1.
melanogaster to coconut oil concentrations (10% and 20%) revealed a decrease in locomotor capacityby changes in
geotaxis negative, a commonly used behavior addressed to assess neurolocomotor function in Drosophila melanogaster [44].
We observed a significant change in the negative
geotaxis behavior of flies treated with P.
As an example of a study that compared the development of prezygotic isolation as a correlated response with divergent selection with and without gene flow, consider the experiments of Hurd and Eisenberg (1975) who selected divergently (95% of flies removed by selection each generation) for
geotaxis in allopatric (0% gene flow) and sympatric (50% gene flow) populations.
The lower comb rows beat faster than the upper rows, with ciliary power strokes directed aborally, when the animal turns to swim mouth upward (negative
geotaxis).
Unlike other invertebrate statocysts, the ctenophore statocyst does not require neural or muscular responses to mediate
geotaxis (Tamm, 1982, 2014a, b).
In contrast, fiddler crab megalopae have an endogenous circatidal rhythm where swimming activity is increased during times of flood tides; this, combined with negative
geotaxis, results in upward swimming in the water column (Tankersley & Forward 1994).
Alternatively, orientation may be an active directional response to a gradient in another exogenous cue such as gravity or pressure (i.e.,
geotaxis, barotaxis) (Fraenkel and Gunn, 1961).
However, the involvement of negative
geotaxis that was found for crab larvae (e.g., Forward, 1985) needs to be tested.
The Zoea I were characterized by a lack of spines (Campodonico, 1971), positive
geotaxis (Paschke et al., 2006), a maximum swimming velocity of 2.1 cm [s.sup.-1] (Escobar, 2005), carapace length 2.4 mm, carapace width 1.61 mm, (Surot, 2006), dry weight 1040 to 878 [micro]g [larvae.sup.-1] (Kattner et al., 2003; Surot, 2006), and protein content 41% of the dry weight; triacylglycerols accounted for about 75% of the lipid fraction, and mono-unsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids were 48.3% and 29.8% of the total fatty acid content, respectively (Kattner et al., 2003).