The linear agents in question are gadobenic acid,
gadodiamide, gadopentetic acid and gadoversetamide.
Contrast-enhanced MRI was performed 2 min after
gadodiamide injection (GE Healthcare) at a dose of 0.1 mmol/kg of body weight.
Reeders et al., "Staging of rectal cancer by double-contrast MR imaging using the rectally administered superparamagnetic iron oxide contrast agent ferristene and IV
gadodiamide injection: results of a multicenter phase II trial," Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, vol.
Rossen et al., "Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: Suspected causative role of
gadodiamide used for contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging," Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, vol.
Omniscan[R] (
gadodiamide; 500 mM/mL; human dose, 100 [micro]mol/kg) was purchased from GE Healthcare Inc.
Nakashima, "Imaging of meniere's disease after intravenous administration of single-dose
gadodiamide: utility of subtraction images with different inversion time," Magnetic Resonance in Medical Sciences, vol.
Haemel et al., "Incidence of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis using gadobenate dimeglumine in 1423 patients with renal insufficiency compared with
gadodiamide," Investigative Radiology, vol.
At 110 minutes after induction, the penguin was given 1.3 mmol of
gadodiamide contrast agent (2.6 mL IV, Omniscan,
gadodiamide 2.5 mmol/5 mL, GE Healthcare Australia, NSW, Australia) and postcontrast images were acquired.
Also, Group II gadolinium-based agents, such as gadoteridol and gadobenate dimeglumine, should be used rather than Group I agents like
gadodiamide and gadopentatate dimeglumine, which are associated with the greatest number of NSF cases.
Closely related diagnostic agents are gadobenate dimeglumine (MultiHance),
gadodiamide (Omniscan), gadofosveset (Ablavar), gadopentetate dimeglumine (Magnevist), gadoteridol (Prohance), and gadoversetamide (OptiMARK).
Patients At higher risk * Patients with CKD 4 and 5 (GFR < 30 ml/min) * Patients on dialysis * Patients with acute kidney insufficiency At lower risk * Patients with CKD 3 (GFR 30 - 59 ml/min) Not at risk of NSF * Patients with stable GFR > 60 ml/min) Highest risk of NSF Gadopentetate dimeglumine (Magnevist plus generic products)
Gadodiamide (Omniscan) Gadoversetamide (Optimark) Recommendations for These agents are CONTRA-INDICATED high-risk group in: * patients with CKD 4 and 5 (GFR <30 ml/min), including those on dialysis * acute renal insufficiency * pregnant women * neonates These agents should be used with CAUTION in: * patients with CKD 3 (GFR 30 - 60 ml/min) * There should be at least 7 days between 2 injections.
Brain metastases--comparison of
gadodiamide injection-enhanced MR imaging at standard and high dose, contrast-enhanced CT and non-contrast-enhanced MR imaging.