The
Focal Dystonias: current views and challenges for future.
(5)
Focal dystonia in musicians: treatment strategies and long-term outcome in 144 patients.
Some studies have shown it to develop after injury to specific areas of brain like basal ganglia, thalamus and hypothalamus;5-7 while others claim it to develop as a result of additional complication of spasticity after stroke.8 Although exact mechanism is still not understood, all theories have consensus that there is maladaptive plasticity that occurs in the brain resulting in development of
focal dystonia.9 In the past not much attention has been given to treat this disabling motor complication of stroke.
(4) Surround inhibition phenomena are normal in
focal dystonia when applying PAS-induced sensory-motor plasticity protocol
Abnormal co-contraction in yips-affected but not unaffected golfers: evidence for
focal dystonia. Neurology.
Zoubos, "Posttraumatic
focal dystonia of the shoulder," Orthopedics, vol.
Focal dystonia is the most common form of primary dystonia, which includes blepharospasm, cervical, focal hand, laryngeal, and oromandibular dystonias, among other forms.[sup][1],[5]
The contract is for gradual delivery of drugs to drug programs: the treatment of multiple sclerosis, treatment of
focal dystonia and half spasm facial treatment and transfusions of immunoglobulin in neurological diseases.
It is highly effective in
focal dystonia like cervical dystonia and blepharospasm hemifacial spasm.
Neurophysiological evidence for cerebellar dysfunction in primary
focal dystonia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry.
While dysphonia resulting from a
focal dystonia is usually laryngeal in origin, voice teachers and singers need to be aware of other
focal dystonias that may affect singing.
Cervical dystonia (CD), the most common form of late-onset
focal dystonia, is characterized by sustained or intermittent neck muscle contractions causing abnormal head movements and postures [2, 3].
