Donovan et al, (16) 1989 Responded to
flumazenil. DiGiovanni, (11) 1969 Did not respond to defibrillation and lidocaine.
Triggers Present in Which have the medical indicated records ADR M1 (positive stool culture for 0 0 Clostridium difficile) M2 (PTT > 100) 0 0 M3 (INR > 6) 0 0 M4 (glucose < 100) 2 2 M5 (urea > 49 and/or altered creatinine) 21 0 M6 (vitamin K) 0 0 M7 (antihistaminic) 1 0 M8 (
flumazenil) 0 0 M9 (naloxone) 0 0 M10 (anti-emetic) 9 0 M11 (hypotension/super sedation) 2 2 M12 (abrupt interruption of the medication) 0 0 M13 (other) * 3 3 Total 38 7 * Serum sodium level changed and constipation.
Flumazenil was never needed in patients to reverse prolonged sedation or respiratory depression.
Drug Brand Names Amantadine * Symmetrel
Flumazenil * Romazicon Amobarbital * Amytal Fluoxetine * Prozac Aripiprazole * Ability Fluvoxamine * Luvox Azithromycin * Zithromax Levetiracetam * Keppra Baclofen * Lioresal Lithium * Eskalith, Lithobid Benztropine-Cogentin Lorazepam * Ativan Carbamazepine * Memantine * Namenda Carbatrol, Tegretol Methylphenidate * Ritalin Carbidopa/levodopa * Minocycline * Minocin Sinemet Olanzapine * Zyprexa Ciprofloxacin * Cipro Risperidone * Risperdal Clozapine-Clozaril Succinylcholine * Anectine Dantrolene * Dantrium Topiramate * Topamax Dexamethasone * Decadron Trihexyphenidyl * Artane Dextromethorphan/ Valproate * Depakote quinidine * Neudexta Ziprasidone * Geodon Diazepam * Valium Zolpidem * Ambien Disulfiram * Antabuse References
Since
flumazenil suppresses the effects of BZDs by inhibition but does not eliminate them from the organism, a diazepam loading strategy analogous to that used for alcohol detoxification was chosen to treat the patient's BZDs withdrawal syndrome.
The patient was subsequently transferred to a paediatric intensive care unit where
flumazenil, the antidote for benzodiazepine overdose, was administered.
Diazepam (Uni-Diazepax[R], Chemical Union, Brazil) and
flumazenil (Flamazil[R], Cristalia Ltda., Brazil), selective agonist and antagonist, respectively, of the benzodiazepine site of the [GABA.sub.A] receptor, were used to evaluate the anesthetic effect of thymol on benzodiazepine receptors (18).
Unfortunately, midazolam is a category D drug during pregnancy, and interestingly, it is completely antagonised by
flumazenil (category C drug).
Individual differences in aggressive responding to intravenous
flumazenil administration in adult male parolees.
Except for the determination of decomposition products of flurazepam dihydrochloride in various media at different temperatures by [sup.19]F NMR [26,27], to the best of our knowledge, no single study has been published where [sup.19]F NMR spectroscopy has been applied for the content determination of fluorinated pharmaceuticals spanning across many pharmacological classes including anticancer drugs (fludarabine and flucytosine), antipsychotic agents (fluphenazine), anxiolytics (fluoxetine), sedative hypnotics (
flumazenil and flunitrazepam), antiandrogens (flutamide), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (flurbiprofen), antifungal agents (fluconazole and flucytosine), and glucocorticoids (fluprednidene and fluorometholone) (Figure 1).
A pharmacological model of catatonia secondary to clozapine withdrawal is hypothesized after reviewing three pieces of literature data suggesting that clozapine may have agonist properties at the GABA receptors: (1) clozapine studies on GABA neurotransmission; (2) the existence of cases of a rare pharmacodynamic drug-drug interaction (DDI) when starting clozapine in patients taking benzodiazepines; and (3) two cases of clozapine intoxication who responded to
flumazenil, a benzodiazepine antagonist at the GABA receptor.
After fixing the second half of the chamber, anaesthesia was antagonized with atipamezole,
flumazenil, and naloxone and mice were placed in individual cages until further use.
