Fetal growth retardation: Underlying endocrine mechanism and consequents.
Epidemiologic studies suggest that maternal diet and metabolic function can influence the pattern of human
fetal growth (15).
Conclusions: Different to other ethnic groups, Puerto Ricans show similar
fetal growth patterns as those reported from mixed U.
Assessment of
fetal growth and well being is one of the major purposes of antenatal care.
Previous literature has provided suggestive evidence on the adverse effects of air pollution on small for gestational age (SGA), low birth weight (LBW), and other markers of impaired
fetal growth assessed at birth (Estarlich et al.
However recent studies found out that the placenta was mostly normal or larger with no
fetal growth retardation in late onset preeclampsia but was hypoplastic and associated with
fetal growth retardation when preeclampsia was early onset, suggesting probably early onset preeclampsia is a placental disorder whereas late onset is a maternal disorder.
Once the diagnosis of preeclampsia has been established, the severity criteria no longer indude
fetal growth restriction, but rather focus on maternal symptoms.
iron-folate supplementation during pregnancy on intrauterine growth, the importance of intervening in the preconception period, nutritional regulation of
fetal growth, endocrine interactions in the control of
fetal growth, developmental programming of obesity and metabolic dysfunction, one-carbon metabolism and
fetal growth, and the influence of maternal vitamin B12 and folate on growth and insulin resistance.
The study found that adverse
fetal growth, exposure to maternal smoking, and a lower childhood growth trajectory were all associated with a subsequent decline in testicular function.
Smoking during pregnancy is known to impair
fetal growth and shorten gestation, and some research suggests secondhand smoke can contribute to the same problems.
The ObGyn was negligent in failing to diagnose
fetal growth restriction caused by placental insufficiency.
Apart from being an invaluable diagnostic tool, normally used to confirm viability of early pregnancy or to monitor
fetal growth, it also aids in detecting fetal abnormalities (markers) associated with chromosomal abnormalities.
