fetal distress

nonreassuring fetal status

abnormal fetal heart rate or rhythm on electronic monitoring, suggesting fetal ischemia.

Synonym(s): fetal distress

fetal distress

a compromised condition of the fetus, usually discovered during labor, characterized by a markedly abnormal rate or rhythm of myocardial contraction. Some patterns, such as late decelerations of the fetal heart rate seen on records of electronic fetal monitoring, are indicative of fetal distress. If possible, the cause of the situation is identified and corrected and the acid-base balance of the fetal blood is tested. Labor is allowed to continue if the pH is within normal range and if the abnormal pattern does not recur or persist. Cesarean section may be necessary if the fetus is markedly alkalotic or acidotic or if the cause of the problem cannot be corrected. If possible, the condition of the baby is stabilized before delivery by giving the mother oxygen; increased fluids; or a narcotic antagonist, a vasopressor, or an agent to relax the uterus. A pediatrician or neonatologist is required to attend the birth of a distressed baby to manage resuscitation and care immediately after delivery.

fetal distress

A nonspecific clinical diagnosis indicating pathology in the fetus. The distress, which may be due to lack of oxygen, is judged by fetal heart rate or biochemical changes in the amniotic fluid or fetal blood.

See also: distress

fetal distress

Observable changes in the fetus during pregnancy or, more often, labour, caused mainly by an insufficient oxygen supply via the placenta. The signs are a sustained rise in the heart rate to above 160/min, slowing of the fetal heart rate after each contraction of the womb, persistent slowness below 120/min, heart irregularity and contraction of the fetal bowel with the passage into the uterine fluid of greenish stools (meconium). These signs do not necessarily indicate lack of oxygen and fetal distress is difficult to evaluate. Fetal blood sampling, through an ENDOSCOPE, may be more useful.