Extravaginal growth, associated with the upper culm, is only found in Cladium.
Extravaginal torsion is frequently observed in undescended testicle cases and newborns while 95% of the testicular torsions are seen during puberty except newborn are in the form of intravaginal torsion.
In these groups, an experimental
extravaginal model of TT was established by rotating the left testes and their cord elements 720 degrees in a clockwise direction.
Neonatal torsion is an
extravaginal torsion, involving the entire spermatic cord, including the processus vaginalis (Basta et al., 2015; Jefferies et al., 2015; Riccabona et al., 2015; Sharp et al., 2013).
There are two distinct mechanism of testicular torsion:
extravaginal (most common at the perinatal period) and intravaginal (most common in older children and adolescents).
TVT can occur in
extravaginal sites, even in absence of pre-existing genital lesions (Kabuusu et al., 2010; Park et al., 2006 and Chikweto et al., 2010).
(3) Torsion may be
extravaginal (proximal to the tunica vaginalis) or intravaginal (within the tunica vaginalis).
These
extravaginal bacteria often are found again in the vagina, suggesting that bacterial vaginosis can be acquired from
extravaginal bacterial reservoirs.
Intravaginal spermatic cord (testicular) torsion occurs when the testis twists within the tunica vaginalis, whereas
extravaginal testicular torsion occurs in the perinatal period before fixation of the tunica vaginalis within the scrotum [1].
Clinical categorization of scrotal masses according to anatomic location and clinical findings Testicular Testicular Extratesticular Extratesticular painful masses painless painful masses painless masses masses Torsion of Malignant Epididymitis Hernia spermatic cord testicular tumors Orchitis Benign Torsion of Hydrocele, testicular appendix testis hematocele tumors Testicular trauma In utero Torsion of Adenomatoid (rupture,
extravaginal epididymis epididymis hematoma) torsion tumor Hemorrage into Incarcerated Soft tissue tumor hernia tumors Benign or malignant Kawasaki disease Idiopathic scrotal edema Henoch-Schonlein purpura 1.