extrapyramidal


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extrapyramidal

 [eks″trah-pĭ-ram´ĭ-d'l]
outside the pyramidal tracts.
extrapyramidal disease (extrapyramidal syndrome) any of a group of clinical disorders marked by abnormal involuntary movements, alterations in muscle tone, and postural disturbances; the group includes parkinsonism, chorea, athetosis, and others.
extrapyramidal system a functional, rather than anatomical, unit comprising the nuclei and fibers (excluding those of the pyramidal tract) involved in motor activities; they control and coordinate especially the postural, static, supporting, and locomotor mechanisms. It includes the corpus striatum, subthalamic nucleus, substantia nigra, and red nucleus, along with their interconnections with the reticular formation, cerebellum, and cerebrum; some authorities include the cerebellum and vestibular nuclei. Called also extrapyramidal tract.

ex·tra·py·ram·i·dal

(eks'tră-pi-ram'i-dăl),
Other than the pyramidal tract. See: extrapyramidal motor system.

extrapyramidal

(ĕk′strə-pĭ-răm′ĭ-dl)
adj.
Relating to or involving neural pathways situated outside or independent of the pyramidal tracts.

extrapyramidal

adjective Referring to that which occurs outside of the pyramidal system of the brain.

ex·tra·py·ram·i·dal

(eks'tră-pir-am'i-dăl)
Outside or not involving the pyramidal tract of the central nervous system.
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References in periodicals archive ?
Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) are most familiar side effect in patients treated chronically with first generation antipsychotics (FGAs).
Extrapyramidal symptoms resulting from risperidone use in a four year old child: A case report
The reasons for this preference include a low risk of extrapyramidal adverse effects, flexibility of dosing, ability to use lower dosages, and evidence of the lower risk of mortality when compared with other second-generation agents.
Antipsychotics FOR patients WITH dementia: The road less traveled: Second-generation agents have an important but limited role in treating behavioral and psychological symptoms
The main symptoms of the patients were psychomotor retardation (8/8), cerebellar ataxia (5/8), extrapyramidal symptoms (7/8), and seizures (4/8).
Clinical, Neuroimaging, and Genetic Features of the Patients with L-2-Hydroxyglutaric Aciduria
Individuals with DS who present with extrapyramidal symptoms may be mistaken to have psychomotor slowing due to Alzheimer's; therefore, the occurrence of parkinsonism may be underreported.
Levodopa-Responsive Early-Onset Parkinsonism in Down Syndrome
Carbidopa/levodopa was discontinued five months postoperatively, and the extrapyramidal features never recurred.
Atypical Neuropsychiatric Presentation in a Patient Expecting Liver Transplantation
(1) Clinical features of this syndrome include high fever, extrapyramidal symptoms, and dysfunction in autonomic system such as unstable blood pressure, cardiac arrhythmia, dyspnea, sweating and urinary incontinence.
Olanzapine-induced neuroleptic malignant syndrome
The study is among the first to examine the link between extrapyramidal signs and dementia other than Alzheimer's disease, said Woojae Myung, MD, of Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine in Seoul, South Korea, and his associates.
Baseline extrapyramidal signs predicted non-Alzheimer's dementia in MCI
NBIA encompasses a group of disorders, which have some common features like presentation in paediatric or early adulthood with extrapyramidal and cerebellar signs and corresponding abnormalities in the basal ganglia and cerebellum on neuroimaging, clinically heterogeneous, refractory to therapy, relentlessly progressive and inevitably fatal.
Eye of tiger sign: clinical phenotypes
- Sections on cerebellar degeneration and dysfunction, motor neuron disorders, post-traumatic cognitive disorders, dementia with extrapyramidal syndromes, and deep brain stimulation
The Definitive Reference on Imaging and Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative Diseases
(1) The typical clinical manifestation of ADCA type I is cerebellar ataxia with ophthalmoplegia, dementia, extrapyramidal and pyramidal signs.
Clinical Characteristics, Radiological Features and Gene Mutation in 10 Chinese Families with Spinocerebellar Ataxias
Atypical antipsychotics have fewer extrapyramidal side effects because of a weak dopamine D2 receptor binding affinity or a strong antagonistic effect on serotonin 5-HT2a receptor (6).
Tardive blepharospasm and meige syndrome during treatment with quetiapine and olanzapine
Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) observed during the 6-week LATUDA monotherapy study included akathisia (noted for 8%, 11%, and 2% of patients in the LATUDA 20-60 mg, LATUDA 80-120 mg, and placebo groups, respectively), dystonia (0%, 2%, and 0%), parkinsonism (5%, 8%, and 2%), and restlessness (0%, 3%, and <1%).
Bipolar depression in primary care: a multidisciplinary approach

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