Plasmids are
extrachromosomal DNA found in bacteria and are associated with the genes for antibiotic resistance which are often exchanged between bacteria and consequentially, are seen by many to embody a serious threat to global health.
The assay most commonly used for SCID-NBS is real-time PCR to measure T-cell receptor excision circles (TREC),
extrachromosomal DNA byproducts of somatic recombination in T cells (10).
chlorotica without a gene transfer event incorporated into the germ line, including the possibility of
extrachromosomal DNA fragments taken up during feeding and missed in the adult sequencing efforts (Bhattacharya et al., 2013).
So we're delivering
extrachromosomal DNA that has all the 'start' and 'stop' signatures and other information the cell needs to make the appropriate protein, in this case, the missing enzyme."
Such virulent strains contain large plasmids and, therefore, high
extrachromosomal DNA (Butcher, 1977).
Extrachromosomal DNA isolation and agarose electrophoresis.
Using an approach that had previously been used to examine rare linear
extrachromosomal DNA species (21), in which DNA size-fractionated by gel electrophoresis was subsequently extracted and analyzed by PCR, we made the surprising finding that a large discrepancy existed in the size of circulatory fetal and maternal DNA species.
In human cells, mitochondria are the only organelles that contain
extrachromosomal DNA. This mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), [4] a 16 569-bp circular genome, encodes for 13 proteins that are essential for oxidative phosphorylation and thus for ATP production.
These alterations may result from chromosomal point mutations or from the gain or loss of
extrachromosomal DNA such as plasmids or transposons [26, 57, 59].
Most gene therapies are based on plasmids, which are the
extrachromosomal DNA found in bacteria.
Transgenic animals generated by microinjection of DNA solution into the germline syncytium usually contains multicopy repetitive
extrachromosomal DNAs that are silenced in the germline but expressed in the somatic cells.
Homologies between the contiguous and fragmented rRNAs of the two Plasmodium falciparum
extrachromosomal DNAs are limited to core sequences.