extrachromosomal

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Related to extrachromosomal: extrachromosomal inheritance

ex·tra·chro·mo·som·al

(eks'tră-krō'mō-sōm'ăl),

Outside or separated from, a chromosome; especially DNA separated from a chromosome.

extrachromosomal

(ĕk′strə-krō′mə-sō′məl)

adj.

Occurring or operating outside the chromosomes.

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References in periodicals archive ?

We used UV irradiation to integrate extrachromosomal transgenes into a chromosome.

Comprehensive functional genomics using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism

She, "Archaeal extrachromosomal genetic elements," Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, vol.

Construction of Expression Shuttle Vectors for the Haloarchaeon Natrinema sp. J7 Based on Its Chromosomal Origins of Replication

In addition, double mutants accumulate negative supercoils in extrachromosomal plasmids which appear to promote transcription initiation of ribosomal minigenes on such plasmids [218, 219].

Physiological Roles of DNA Double-Strand Breaks

AY102 animals were developed by introducing the acEx102 extrachromosomal array into KU25 animals, resulting in intestinal PMK-1::GFP expression [41].

Mulberry Anthocyanin Extract Ameliorates Oxidative Damage in HepG2 Cells and Prolongs the Lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans through MAPK and Nrf2 Pathways

Guarente, "Extrachromosomal rDNA circles--A cause of aging in yeast," Cell, vol.

Knockdown of SIRT1 Suppresses Bladder Cancer Cell Proliferation and Migration and Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and Antioxidant Response through FOXO3a-Mediated Pathways

By 2005, on the systematic analysis of the spacer sequences separating the individual direct repeats showed their extrachromosomal and phage-associated origins (19,20).

RNA-guided genome editing tool CRISPR-Cas9: its applications and achievements in model and crop plants

The second is plasmid-mediated resistance, which results from extrachromosomal elements that encode proteins that disrupt quinoloneenzyme interactions, alter drug metabolism, or increase quinolone efflux.

Ciprofloxacin resistance: a review of patients in East London undergoing prostate biopsy

Animal mtDNA is a small extrachromosomal genome that is typically 15 to 20 kb in size.

Complete mitochondrial genome sequences of Chinese indigenous sheep with different tail types and an analysis of phylogenetic evolution in domestic sheep

Resistance mechanisms may also be acquired through horizontal gene transfer of mobile genetic elements on plasmids (circular pieces of extrachromosomal DNA) that carry the resistance gene(s) between bacteria.[2] A bacterium that possesses a way of resisting an antibiotic attack has a survival advantage over bacteria that do not.

Role of antibiotic stewardship in extending the age of modern medicine

The assay most commonly used for SCID-NBS is real-time PCR to measure T-cell receptor excision circles (TREC), extrachromosomal DNA byproducts of somatic recombination in T cells (10).

Newborn blood spot screening test using multiplexed real-time PCR to simultaneously screen for spinal muscular atrophy and severe combined immunodeficiency

Most of these organisms harbor plasmids, small covalently closed circular extrachromosomal pieces of DNA.

The case against chronic high-dose probiotic supplementation

chlorotica without a gene transfer event incorporated into the germ line, including the possibility of extrachromosomal DNA fragments taken up during feeding and missed in the adult sequencing efforts (Bhattacharya et al., 2013).

FISH labeling reveals a horizontally transferred algal (Vaucheria litorea) Nuclear Gene on a Sea Slug (Elysia chlorotica) Chromosome