exophthalmia

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exophthalmia

[ek′softhal′mē·ə]

Etymology: Gk, exo + ophthalmos, eye

an abnormal condition characterized by a marked protrusion of the eyeballs (exophthalmos, exophthalmus), usually resulting from the increased volume of the orbital contents caused by a tumor; swelling associated with cerebral, intraocular, or intraorbital edema or hemorrhage; paralysis of or trauma to the extraocular muscles; or cavernous sinus thrombosis. It may also be caused by endocrine disorders such as hyperthyroidism and Graves' disease, varicose veins within the orbit, or injury to orbital bones. Visual acuity may be impaired in exophthalmia; keratitis, ulceration, infection, and blindness may also occur. Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Acute advanced exophthalmia is often irreversible. Also called protrusio bulbi. See also proptosis. exophthalmic, adj.

Exophthalmia

ex·oph·thal·mos

, exophthalmus (eks'of-thal'mos, -mŭs)

Protrusion of one or both eyeballs; can be congenital and familial, or due to pathology, such as a retroorbital tumor (usually unilateral) or thyroid disease (usually bilateral).
Synonym(s): proptosis.

[G. ex, out, + ophthalmos, eye]

exophthalmos

, exophthalmia, exophthalmus (ĕks″ŏf-thăl′mōs) (-mŭs)

Abnormal anterior protrusion of the eyeball. This may be due to thyrotoxicosis, tumor of the orbit, orbital cellulitis, leukemia, aneurysm, or vascular malformation. exophthalmic (-mĭk), adjective

pulsating exophthalmos

Exophthalmos accompanied by pulsation and bruit due to an aneurysm behind the eye.

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Women who have Graves' disease usually have thyroid nodules and may have exophthalmia, pretibial myxedema, and tachycardia.

How to manage hyperthyroid disease in pregnancy: uncontrolled hyperthyroidism can be fairly innocuous or life-threatening to mother and fetus

Table 1: Congenital and Acquired Surgical affections of head region in calves Surgical Calves Affections Male Female Congenital Agenesis of oral commissure -- 1 affections Ocular dermoids 1 4 Total 1 5 Acquired Abscess at ear pinna -- 1 affections Abscess at eye lid -- 1 Corneal ulcer -- 1 Bilateral corneal rupture -- 1 Lacerated wound at upper eye lid -- 1 Exophthalmia -- 1 Conjunctivitis -- 1 Abscess at mandible -- 2 Mandibular fracture -- 2 Lymphangitis -- 1 Total -- 12 Grand total 1 17 Surgical Total % Affections Congenital Agenesis of oral commissure 1 5.

Surgical affections of head region and its management in calves

Clinical examination of suffering calves was performed ardently and revealed clinical markers such as lymph nodes enlargement, pallor or jaundiced mucous membrane, reduces appetite, pyrexia, pica, coughing and respiratory distress, lacrimation, exophthalmia, petechiae, recumbency, sub-mandibular and/or ventral edema, melena, diarrhea and hemoglobinnuria were recorded.

While, clinical manifestations of pica, coughing and respiratory distress, lacrimation and exophthalmia (Fig.

The results of the current study clearly signify that lymph nodes enlargement, pallor mucous membrane, reduced appetite, marked rise in the body temperature and exophthalmia are among the most common clinical markers revealed by the calves naturally infected with T.

Thus, it is quit possible that the parasitized lymphocytes could be infiltrating and proliferating in the extra-ocular muscle of infected cave and thus local overproduction of TNF-[alpha] is under operation, bestowing clinical manifestation of exophthalmia.

The consideration of generalized lymph nodes enlargement, pallor mucous membrane, pyrexia, pica, coughing and respiratory distress, lacrimation and exophthalmia as the major clinical markers might be pivotal in clinical diagnosis of theileriosis in the field conditions.

Evaluation of clinical markers for diagnosis of bovine theileriosis--a study of 21 calves

One or more of the following could, therefore, significantly impair visual function: 1) mechanical damage to the optic nerve or retina resulting from rapid decompression-induced exophthalmia (Rogers et al.

2008) and experience significant barotrauma when brought to the surface, including severe exophthalmia (Hannah and Matteson, 2007; Hannah et al.

Five of eight black rockfish exposed to simulated capture showed severe exophthalmia immediately after rapid decompression, and one fish in this condition also displayed corneal emphysemas.

Our observations with black rockfish do not support our original contention that exophthalmia and other internal events associated with rapid decompression compromise retinal function.

Effects of rapid decompression and exposure to bright light on visual function in black rockfish (Sebastes melanops) and Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis)

Affected fish showed clinical signs of exophthalmia and of hemorrhage around the gills, mouth, and abdomen.