Stenosis
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stenosis
[stĕ-no´sis] (pl. steno´ses)ste·no·sis
, pl.ste·no·ses
(ste-nō'sis, -sēz), Do not confuse this word with atresia or occlusion.stenosis
(stə-nō′sĭs)stenosis
An abnormal ↓ in the diameter of a lumen, in particular of an artery or heart valve–eg, in ASHD with plaque buildup on the inner wall of an artery. See Aortic stenosis, Carotid stenosis, Cervical stenosis, Fishmouth stenosis, Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, Meatal stenosis, Mitral stenosis, Occlusion, Pulmonary stenosis, Restenosis, Supravalvular aortic stenosis, Subvalvular pulmonary stenosis, Supravalvular pulmonary stenosis. Cf Regurgitation.ste·no·sis
, pl. stenoses (stĕ-nō'sis, -sēz)stenosis
(ste-no'sis) [Gr. stenosis, a narrowing]Etiology
Stenosis may result from embryonic maldevelopment, hypertrophy and thickening of a sphincter muscle, inflammatory disorders, or excessive development of fibrous tissue. It may involve almost any tube or duct.
aortic stenosis
Symptoms
Many patients with mild or moderate aortic stenosis, e.g., with a valve area that is more than 1 cm2 or a valve gradient that is less than 50 mm Hg, have no symptoms and are unaware of their condition. A heart murmur is usually heard on physical examination of the patient. This murmur is best heard at the right second intercostal space during systole. Palpation of the arteries in severe aortic stenosis may reveal a delayed and weakened pulse, e.g., at the carotids. The heart's apical impulse may be laterally and inferiorly displaced as a result of left ventricular hypertrophy. Alarming symptoms include anginal chest pain, syncope, and dyspnea on exertion. When these occur, surgery to repair or replace the diseased valve are necessary.
Physical Findings
Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) diagnoses aortic stenosis and helps to evaluate its severity, determine left ventricular size and function, and detect other valvular disease.
Treatment
If the aortic valve area is significantly narrowed, i.e., < 0.8 cm2, or if the patient has experienced symptoms of heart failure or syncope, percutaneous balloon aortic valvuloplasty or aortic valve replacement may be necessary.
Patient care
A history of related cardiac disorders is obtained. Cardiopulmonary function is assessed regularly by monitoring vital signs and weight, intake, and output for signs of fluid overload. The patient is monitored for chest pain, which may indicate cardiac ischemia, and the electrocardiogram is evaluated for ischemic changes. Activity tolerance and fatigue are assessed.
After cardiac catheterization, the insertion site is checked according to protocol (often every 15 min for 6 hr) for signs of bleeding; the patient is assessed for chest pain, and vital signs, heart rhythm, and peripheral pulses distal to the insertion site are monitored. Problems are reported to the cardiologist.
Desired outcomes for all aortic valve surgeries include adequate cardiopulmonary tissue perfusion and cardiac output, reduced fatigue with exertion, absence of fluid volume excess, and ability to manage the treatment regimen. Patients with aortic stenosis (with or without surgical repair) require prophylactic antibiotics before invasive procedures (including dental extractions, cleanings) because of the risk they pose for bacteremia and infective endocarditis.
cicatricial stenosis
coronary artery stenosis
diaphyseal medullary stenosis
Hardcastle syndrome.infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
Pyloric stenosis.lumbar spinal stenosis
mitral stenosis
Abbreviation: MSThe abnormality of the valve may predispose patients to infective endocarditis; to left atrial enlargement and atrial arrhythmias; or to left ventricular failure.
pulmonary stenosis
pyloric stenosis
Treatment
In infants, treatment may involve open or laparoscopic division of the muscles of the pylorus. Infantile pyloric stenosis is usually diagnosed in the first 6 months of life when babies have trouble with vomiting after eating, sometimes with projectile vomiting and consequent dehydration. The disease occurs in 2 to 3 infants per 1000 births and is more common in boys than girls. In adults, endoscopic stents may be placed to open malignant obstructions.
renal artery stenosis
Treatment
Patients may be treated medically with standard antihypertensive drugs, or, in some cases, with renal artery angioplasty or bypass surgery.
See: illustrationsubaortic stenosis
tricuspid stenosis
stenosis
Narrowing of a duct, orifice or tubular organ such as the intestinal canal or a blood vessel.Stenosis
ste·no·sis
, pl. stenoses (stĕ-nō'sis, -sēz)Patient discussion about Stenosis
Q. Why does Aortic stenosis causes an enlarged heart? My father was recently diagnosed as suffering from enlarged heart due to his Aortic stenosis. what is the connection between those to conditions? As far as I understand that aortic stenosis mean that the aortic valve is too small not too large...
this is called Left Ventricular Hypertrophy or LVH in abbreviations.
this is a classic LVH E.C.G.
http://www.frca.co.uk/images_main/resources/ECG/ECGresource39.jpg
Q. How does alcohol affect someone who has been diagnosed with aortic valve stenosis? My brother has been diagnosed with aortic valve stenosis and also is a smoker and does drink alcohol on the weekends. He knows that he should stop smoking but what about the effects of alcohol? Does this also contribute to his stenosis?
Q. what does c4-5 mild central disk bulging impinging upon cervical cord without spinal stenosis or distortion of the cord . mild righ neural foraminal narrowing from uncovertebral joint hypertropy mean