The Ethidium Bromide-agar Cartwheel (EtBrCW) method proved to be a valuable tool for the rapid and simple screening of
efflux pump activity, (17) for five clinical isolates of selected MDR S.
Interplay of
efflux system, ampC, and oprD expression in carbapenemo resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates.
The apparent permeability of digoxin is markedly reduced in the presence of P-gp inhibitors indicating that digoxin is subject to P-gp-mediated
efflux in Caco-2 cells.
point mutation and
efflux pumps were involved in OFL resistance.
aeruginosa is inherently resistant to antimicrobial agents because of restricted access of extracellular antimicrobial agents to intracellular targets, active
efflux of antimicrobial agents out of the cell and production of enzymes that degrade antimicrobial agents.
Twenty-one of the 98 isolates had
efflux for Cip; 3 of them also had
efflux for levofloxacin (Tables 2, 3), and none had
efflux for moxifloxacin.
eigenmanni would reduce gill ventilation and oxygen uptake, which would lead to a decrease of gill ion
efflux and, consequently, reducing ion loss, as observed.
LABORATORY ASSESSMENT OF CHOLESTEROL
EFFLUX AND REVERSE CHOLESTEROL TRANSPORT
The major point of our article (Luckenbach and Epel 2005) was that the musks inhibit
efflux (drug) transporters, which act as first lines of defense to pump potentially toxic substances out of cells.
Musks are classified as nitromusks and polycyclic musks Two nitromusks, at concentrations of less than 1 micromole per liter ([micro]M/l), suppressed by half the normal activity of the cells'
efflux pumps, Epel and Luckenbach report in the January Environmental Health Perspectives.
Current ambient levels of synthetic musks in North American waters are far below the threshold known to shut down a cell's
efflux transport system.
Autism meets the criteria of being an
efflux disease, said H.
