Sex ratio and hermaphroditism in Oregon intertidal populations of the
echinoid Strongylocentrotus purpuratus.
Overall, the development of the larval nervous system in echinoderms with abbreviated development, including
echinoids (Bisgrove and Raff, 1989; Katow et al., 2009), asteroids (Elia et al., 2009), crinoids (Nakano et al., 2009), and ophiuroids (this study), has changed independently of the juvenile system.
The marketing and export of this
echinoid has increased in the last 20 years in countries such as Ireland, United States, and Canada.
Differences in morphology and life history traits of the
echinoid Echinometra lucunter from different habitats.
Sensitivity to light and the reactions to changes in light intensity of the
echinoid Diadema antillarum (Philippi).
Echinoid bioerosion and herbivory on Kenyan coral reefs: the role of protection from fishing.
Agassiz, 1863, Lytechinus variegatus (Lamarck, 1816), Tripneustes ventricosus (Lamarck, 1816), and Diadema antillarum Philippi, 1845, are the most common littoral
echinoids in the Caribbean.
As with most marine invertebrates, the ecological implications of color variation specific to
echinoids remain poorly understood.
Their work reveals that Clipsham limestone used to repair the Gothic parliament building since the 1920s includes the fossils of
echinoids or sea urchins dating back to the Middle Jurassic period more than 160 million years ago.
The non-rudist bivalves mentioned above occur together with scattered moulds of gastropods (Ampullina and Tylostoma), abundant
echinoid spines, several Diplopodia, and an isolated pycnodontid fish tooth (Coelodus).
2E-G), including dendritic,
echinoid, plumose, and perforated cupola organs (PCOs).
Smith,
Echinoid Palaeobiology, Allen and Unwin, London, UK, 1984.