The 4[degrees] x 5[degrees] GEOS-Chem resolution does not distinguish the Mediterranean from desert regions characterized by large-scale subtropical
downwelling and thus predicts higher than expected deposition based on observational data (Kotnik et al.
where [E.sub.d] (z) is
downwelling plane irradiance and [z.sub.l] and [z.sub.u] are the depths of the lower and upper underwater sensors, respectively.
The centers of anticyclonic, warm-core ocean eddies typically are zones of
downwelling and therefore are nutrient-deficient.
Although ominous-looking in visible light (8), the 7,500-km-wide blemish appears bright at thermal-infrared wavelengths (9) - an indication that
downwelling air has created a clearing in the stratospheric cloud deck, allowing heat to radiate out to space from deeper levels.
With this reasoning it is plausible that the relative forces of
downwelling river water and upwelling groundwater regulate the location and fluctuation of the hyporheic/groundwater interface.
The system is also equipped with an Environmental Sensing System (ESS), that records temperature, conductivity, salinity, pressure, fluorescence (a measure of plant chlorophyll), water transparency, and
downwelling light.
Ground-based MWRs measure the
downwelling thermal emission in the microwave part of the electromagnetic spectrum originating from Earth's atmosphere and the cosmic background.
Larvae were then transferred to a
downwelling settlement system consisting of a 180 L fiberglass tank holding ten 25 cm diameter, 150 [micro]m nylon mesh screens.
This result dismisses the scenario of current convergence causing
downwelling in the coastal region, thus prompting the coastal warming, as noted in previous studies [12, 17, 18].
When the value of incoming irradiance just below the water surface, [E.sub.d,PAR](z = -0), is known in addition to [K.sub.d,PAR], the
downwelling underwater irradiance at depth z, [E.sub.d,PAR] (z), can also be calculated.
In either case, the truncation of
downwelling light is nevertheless a persistent component regulating the environmental conditions experienced and accommodated by photosynthetic organisms in Laguna Guatavita.