1) The level of methylated
deoxycytidine (5mdC) in the genome changes with age in many tissues, but this does not apply to all tissues of different mammalian species.
Takeda K, Kurata N, Kuwabara T, Kobayashi S, Fukuoka M (1998) Interleukin 6 is a cause of flu-like symptoms in treatment with a
deoxycytidine analogue.
deoxynucleotide triphosphates (dNTPs), which are the nucleotides deoxyadenosine triphosphate (dATP), deoxyguanosine triphosphate (dGTP),
deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP), and deoxythymidine triphosphate (dTTP) that compose DNA.
In vivo, Ara-C is transported into the cell via the human equilibrium nucleoside transporter (hENT1) and is rapidly phosphorylated by
deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) to its monophosphate form, cytosine arabinoside monophosphate (Ara-CMP), which is further phosphorylated by nucleoside kinases and finally to the triphosphorylated and active form, cytosine arabinoside triphosphate (AraCTP).
This result is reasonable because in vitro resistance to AraC is generally explained by the inactivation of
deoxycytidine kinase, whereas resistance to DNR has been explained as an overproduction of multidrug efflux pumps, such as P-glycoprotein or multidrug-resistance protein (13).
Malondialdehyde, one of the most abundant carbonyl products, can react with DNA to form adducts with deoxyguanosine, deoxyadenosine, and
deoxycytidine that are mutagenic in bacterial and mammalian cells.
5 mM magnesium chloride, 200 [micro] Meachof deoxyadenosine triphosphate,
deoxycytidine triphosphate, deoxyguanosine triphosphate, and thymidine monophosphate.
The most significant enzyme that takes part in Ara-C phosphorylation is
deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) (5) (29).
The genomic modification process converts all
deoxycytidine residues to deoxyuridine.
