It is demonstrated that montelukast, a
cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 antagonist, alleviates WAS-induced bladder damage by inhibiting mast cell activation and preserve the urothelial mucous layer through its antioxidant effects.
Haeggstrom, "The antimicrobial peptide LL-37 induces synthesis and release of
cysteinyl leukotrienes from human eosinophils--implications for asthma," Allergy, vol.
It has been described that by inhibition of COX activity the increase of
cysteinyl leukotriene family (CysLT) potent proinflammatory lipid mediators is feasible [63].
Montelukast blocks the
cysteinyl LT receptors and inhibits the effect of formed LTs due to inflammatory stimuli.
In short, the urease inhibition may involve coordination of Pd(II) with
cysteinyl sulfur or histidine nitrogen atoms of urease, and the extent of inhibition may be controlled by various factors including the presence of metal centre, electron density, steric hindrance, hydrophobicity, and nature and position of substituents.
The
cysteinyl leukotrienes possess pro-inflammatory characteristics which can directly cause or potentiate airflow obstruction by increased mucosal secretion and bronchospasm.
Like zafirlukast, montelukast is a competitive antagonist for the
cysteinyl leukotrienes.
Molecular Genetics.--The pathogenesis of aspirin sensitivity is poorly understood, but it is believed to be due to a defect in the arachidonic acid cascade, leading to overproduction of leukotrienes, especially
cysteinyl leukotriene, a mediator of bronchoconstriction, mucus secretion, inflammatory cell infiltration, and increased eosinophil survival.
blocking of the histamine H1 receptors, but sometimes additional help is obtained from blockers of the
cysteinyl leukotriene receptor-1.
[7] Activated eosinophils release pro-inflammatory mediators such as cytokines and
cysteinyl leukotrienes.
Alternatively, LT[A.sub.4] can be converted by the action of LT[C.sub.4]-synthase to
cysteinyl leukotrienes LT[C.sub.4], LT[D.sub.4], and LT[E.sub.4], which are assumed to play important roles not only in asthma and allergic rhinitis, but also in chronic inflammation and in the regulation of the adaptive immune response [2].