cyphonautes larva

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The body plan of the cyphonautes larva of bryozoans prevents high clearance rates: comparison with the pluteus and a growth model.

Opposed ciliary bands in the feeding larvae of sabellariid annelids

First, morphological and behavioral studies show that a cyphonautes larva bears a pyriform organ that secretes a thin mucous sheet that aids the larva in locomotion and attaches the larva temporarily to the substratum (Stricker 1988).

Therefore, flow direction - rather than the velocity gradient or boundary shear stress - appears to be more important in directing the cyphonautes larva's exploratory locomotion.

Settlement in flow: upstream exploration of substrata by weakly swimming larvae

Membranipora membranacea (Superfamily Membraniporoidea): Feeding Cyphonautes Larva

Evolutionary and structural diversification of the larval nervous system among marine bryozoans

Versatile ciliary behaviour in capture of particles by the bryozoan cyphonautes larva. Acta Zool.

Time and extent of ciliary response to particles in a non-filtering feeding mechanism

An analogous situation has been described for the cyphonautes larva of bryozoans, in which ciliated band length does not increase proportionately to body volume during growth and development (McEdward and Strathmann, 1987).

Functional and Evolutionary Implications of Opposed Bands, Big Mouths, and Extensive Oral Ciliation in Larval Opheliids and Echiurids (Annelida)

A second hypothesis is that particles are halted by a sieve formed by stationary laterofrontal cilia, as observed for the cyphonautes larva of bryozoans (Strathmann and McEdward, 1986).

Ciliary feeding assisted by suction from the muscular oral hood of phoronid larvae

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