After removing the diverticular stone via percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), dilatation of the
calyceal diverticular neck and electrocoagulation of the diverticulum wall are performed.
Its presence in
calyceal system was confirmed by suctioning it through 10 cc disposable syringe.
For
calyceal anatomy major calyces were counted in every renal unit.
Calyceal effacement and pelvicalyceal wall thickening may also be seen.
A wide range of renal abnormalities has been described (parenchymal cysts,
calyceal clubbing, vesico-ureteric reflux, chronic renal failure, etc.
The commonly seen renal anomalies are chronic renal failure, renal parenchymal cysts, clubbing of
calyceal system, scarring, agenesis usually unilateral, renal calculi, and vesicoureterix reflux.
By 1980s tremendous improvement was made in the process of
calyceal access and tract dilatation.
We noticed a perinephral fat strand, thickening of Gerota's fascia, hydronephrosis, or
calyceal dilatation and presence of renal calculi in all solid tumour cases (100%) (Figs.
The mechanism involved was described by Hinman as an extreme increase in the degree of pelvic backflow resulting in extravasation of urine by way of the
calyceal fornices to the pericalyceal connective tissue [9].
Calyceal puncture was performed using a free-hand technique to enable adjustment of the position of the needle.
Obstruction of the urinary tract can occur at any level from uretheral meatus to the
calyceal infundibula.
