Axotomy of Peripheral Nerve Injury (PNI), caused by trauma and medical disorders (Grinsell & Keating, 2014).
In the present study, we examined the effects of topical and systemic administrations of both corticosteroids and melatonin on nerve regeneration in an FN
axotomy and neurorrhaphy model.
The expression of MYNN was found to be abnormal during nerve crush or
axotomy in extrasynaptic myonuclei, which proved that MYNN is a likely candidate to mediate electrical activity-dependent expression of downstream synapse-specific genes [14].
(86) observed a change in the expression of three miRNAs, miRs 1,16, and 206, in different pain conditions such as peripheral inflammation, nerve ligation, or
axotomy. Other studies have employed low-density TaqMan arrays to profile the expression pattern of miRNAs after spinal nerve ligation in rats and found 63 altered miRNAs (87).
[37], on the neuromuscular synapse reaction in various conditions on WldS mice concluded that intensive stimulation in vivo resulted complete nerve blockage in vivo and intensive stimulation ex vivo all reduced synaptic protection mediated by WldSgene expression, providing direct evidence that the rate of neuromuscular synaptic degeneration in response to
axotomy is, in fact, sensitive to activity and that either complete disuse or sustained high-frequency stimulation can both cause motor nerve terminals more become vulnerable to potent triggers of degeneration.
Macrophages infiltrate the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and the sciatic nerve (SN) distal to the site of injury after peripheral nerve
axotomy. Injury induced expression of the chemokine CCL2 in the DRG and SN attracts the macrophages to those sites.
Porreca, "Lesion of the rostral anterior cingulate cortex eliminates the aversiveness of spontaneous neuropathic pain following partial or complete
axotomy," Pain, vol.
Blanco, "Fibroblast growth factor 2 applied to the optic nerve after
axotomy increases Bcl-2 and decreases Bax in ganglion cells by activating the extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathway," Journal of Neurochemistry, vol.
In line with this notion is the finding of similar changes in the rat facial nucleus 1 week after
axotomy [9].
Dreesen, "Effect of local application of transforming growth factor-at the nerve repair site following chronic
axotomy and denervation on the expression of regeneration-associated genes," Journal of Neurosurgery, vol.
Hikawa et al., "Oxidized galectin-1 stimulates macrophages to promote axonal regeneration in peripheral nerves after
axotomy," The Journal of Neuroscience, vol.
Transplantation of embryonic stem cells improves nerve repair and functional recovery after severe sciatic nerve
axotomy in rats.