Tumour co-expression of apelin and its receptor is the basis of an
autocrine loop involved in the growth of colon adenocarcinomas.
These data would suggest that FL-RAGE might increase in astrocytes when motor neuron death becomes significant, consistently with the possibility that an autocrine loop of RAGE activation in astrocytes, dependent on signals released by dying motor neurons, may occur.
Gonzalez Torres et al., "S100B protein activates a RAGE-dependent autocrine loop in astrocytes: implications for its role in the propagation of reactive gliosis," Journal of Neurochemistry, vol.
[sup][26] Interestingly, mast cells are known to release and respond to TNF-a, indicating a positive
autocrine loop that leads to the augmentation of mast cell activation.
It has been shown that VEGF-A induces proliferation, survival, and protection of AML cells against apoptosis by an
autocrine loop via VEGFR signaling (31), (32), (33).
Blockade of the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor inhibits growth of human colorectal cancer cells: evidence of a functional IGF-II-mediated
autocrine loop. Int J Cancer 1994; 58 : 452-9.
It increases production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), the main angiogenic factor, which in turn enhances the expression of CXCR4 receptor in endothelial cells, in an
autocrine loop (3).
[46] The exuberant endothelial proliferation involves an
autocrine loop of endothelial secretion of basic fibroblast growth factor.
Ethier, "Altered EGFR localization and degradation in human breast cancer cells with an amphiregulin/EGFR
autocrine loop," Cellular Signalling, vol.
The differential sensitivity of prostate cancer cells to TGF-[alpha] suggests that the
autocrine loop involving TGF-[alpha] in prostate cancer cell lines may be further regulated by other unknown factors.
The results indicated that macrophages could establish the adaptation to LPS stimulation partly via their innate nonneuronal cholinergic
autocrine loop.
Constitutive endothelin-1 overexpression promotes smooth muscle cell proliferation via an external
autocrine loop. J Biol Chem 1994;269:10112-8.