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However, the addition of annexin-1 (a glucocorticoid-induced anti-inflammatory protein) to the growing family of ALX ligands has provided evidence that this receptor can also modulate anti-inflammatory signaling [13] viaproteins.
Uteroglobin (UG), a steroid-inducible, 16 kDa secreted protein with potent anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory activities, was found to share short peptide sequence similarities with annexin-1, termed the antiflammin motif [14-17].
Like annexin-1, UG is also known as a secretory, glucocorticoid-inducible protein [17], while displaying powerful immunomodulatory properties, similar to those of [LXA.sub.4], such as inhibition of IL-6 release [30], reduction of cellular infiltrates in the airways [31], decreased synthesis of prostaglandins (namely, PGF2 and PGE2 [32]), and reduced lysophosphatidic acid plasma levels [33].