The virus is a member of the genus Alphavirus; many
alphaviruses are important human pathogens (3, 4).
* Viral polyarthritis is caused by rubella, parvovirus B19 (4),
alphaviruses, and hepatitis B.
Evolutionary relationships and systematics of the
alphaviruses. J Virol.
Alphaviruses having single-stranded RNA genome belong to Togaviridae family of viruses and are divided into arthritogenic viruses (old world) and encephalitogenic viruses (new world) including equine encephalitis viruses.
Human infection with these New World
alphaviruses typically results in an acute, incapacitating disease characterized by fever, headache, nausea, myalgia, and malaise [3].
(2) Similar to other
alphaviruses, MAYV RNA has a stop codon at the end of nsP3 gene, and at a low frequency (5-20%), a read-through translation can occur, resulting in nsP1-4 product (Fig.
This could be due to cross-reactivity with other
alphaviruses. However, there is currently no evidence of other
alphaviruses circulating in Nicaragua.
(34)
Alphaviruses are another group of positive-sense RNA viruses transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito and are a member of the Togaviridae family.
In a sensitivity test involving all chikungunya serotypes and various
alphaviruses, flaviviruses, and one phlebovirus, the RT-RPA assay identified all virus genotypes, with the only cross-reaction occurring with O'nyong'nyong virus.
They address genome structure and replication, laboratory diagnosis and detection, interaction with the interferon system, antiviral responses in mosquitoes, animal models of alphavirus-induced inflammatory disease, clinical manifestations of arthritogenic
alphaviruses, encephalitic
alphaviruses, the application of
alphaviruses for gene therapy, and chikungunya virus pathogenesis and the development of control strategies.