lymphadenopathy

lymphadenopathy

 [lim-fad″ĕ-nop´ah-the]

disease of the lymph nodes; called also adenopathy.

angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy (angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinemia (AILD)) a systemic disorder resembling lymphoma characterized by fever, night sweats, weight loss, generalized lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, macropapular rash, polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia, and Coombs'-positive hemolytic anemia. It is considered to be a nonmalignant hyperimmune reaction to chronic antigenic stimulation; there is proliferation of B cells accompanied by profound deficiency of T cells. The disease follows a progressive but extremely variable course: some patients survive for a long period without chemotherapy; in other patients, overwhelming infections rapidly lead to death

dermatopathic lymphadenopathy regional lymph node enlargement associated with melanoderma and other dermatoses marked by chronic erythroderma.

immunoblastic lymphadenopathy angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy.

lymphadenopathy syndrome a condition occurring in immunocompromised individuals, characterized by unexplained lymphadenopathy for 3 or more months that involves extrainguinal sites, which on biopsy reveal nonspecific lymphoid hyperplasia. See also AIDS-related complex.

lym·phad·e·nop·a·thy

(lim-fad'ĕ-nop'ă-thē),

1. Any disease process affecting a lymph node or lymph nodes.

2. The appearance of enlarged lymph nodes found on a radiologic examination of any kind.

[lymphadeno- + G. pathos, suffering]

lymphadenopathy

(lĭm-făd′n-ŏp′ə-thē, lĭm′fə-dn-)

n. pl. lymphadenopa·thies

An enlargement of the lymph nodes, usually associated with disease.

lymphadenopathy

A generic term for lymph node enlargement of any aetiology, benign or malignant.

Lymphadenopathy, aetiology
Infection
• Viral—Infectious mononucleosis, CMV, HIV.
• Bacterial—Typhoid, TB, syphilis, Yersinia.
Malignancy
• Lymphoproliferative—especially lymphoma
• Metastases.

Storage
Lipid storage, Niemann-Pick, sphingomyelia.

Drugs
Phenytoin, allopurinol, isoniazid.

Immune
Automimmune, rheumatoid arthritis, sarcoid, GVHD.

Benign hyperplasia, Langerhans cell histiocytosis.

lymphadenopathy

Enlarged lymph nodes, follicular hypertrophy, swollen lymph glands Hematology Enlargement of lymph nodes of any etiology; the differential diagnostic considerations are multiple and divided into reactive patterns; benign lymphadenopathy is characterized by

1. Variability of the follicle–germinal center size;.

2. Lack of capsular or fat invasion;.

3. Mitotic activity confined to the germinal center;.

4. Cortical localization and inhomogeneous distribution of the follicles. See Angiography lymphadenopathy, Benign lymphadenopathy, Dermatopathic lymphadenopathy, Phenytoin lymphadenopathy, Shotty lymphadenopathy.

lym·phad·e·nop·a·thy

(lim-fad'ĕ-nop'ă-thē)

Any disease process affecting a lymph node or lymph nodes.

[G. lympha spring water +aden gland + G. pathos, suffering]

lymphadenopathy

(lim″fad″ĕ-nop′ă-thē) [ lymph- + adenopathy]

CERVICAL LYMPHADENOPATHY: Squamous cell carcinoma of the neck

Enlargement of lymph nodes (LN), typically to greater than 1.5 cm. The increased size is caused by activation and proliferation of lymphocytes and phagocytic white blood cells within the node or by invasion of the node by tumor. Most often, lymphadenopathy is found in nodes involved in local, regional, or systemic infections; it results occasionally from cancers. Lymphadenopathy may also be found in an array of other, less common illnesses, including thyroiditis, thyrotoxicosis, autoimmune diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis), sarcoidosis, and drug reactions (e.g., phenytoin). See: illustration

Enlarged LNs may be tender or not; tenderness often is present when lymph nodes swell rapidly (e.g., in response to infections, hypersensitivity reactions, or some fulminant lymphomas). Rock-hard, enlarged, and immobile LNs are typical of metastatic cancer, whereas rubbery LNs are found in lymphomas. LNs that do not resolve spontaneously within 4 to 6 weeks, or for which no obvious explanation exists, usually are sampled by biopsy or aspiration.

dermatopathic lymphadenopathy

Widespread lymphadenopathy secondary to various skin disorders.

See: table

Category	Examples	Location	Age of patient	Texture	Size	Associated signs or symptoms	Diagnostic tests	Necessity for biopsy or aspirate
Bacterial infection	Strep throat; cat scratch disease	Angle of the jaw; axilla, neck	Child or preteen; any	Relatively soft and tender; relatively soft and tender	1 sq. cm; > 1 cm	Fever, sore throat, tonsillar exudate, malaise, headache, difficulty swallowing; may have fever, night sweats, weight loss	Can be diagnosed clinically; antibody blood tests	No; not usually
Granuloma	Tuberculosis; sarcoidosis	Neck, chest; hilum of the lung and other locations	Any; usually adults	Relatively soft and tender; rubbery	> 1 cm; > 1 cm, sometimes massive	May have fever, night sweats, weight loss, productive sputum; cough, shortness of breath, may have systemic illness, or be asymptomatic	Tuberculin (purified protein derivative), interferon blood test, sputum for acid-fast bacilli; blood for ACE levels	Occasionally; often
Metastatic cancer	Breast cancer	Axilla next to the breast	Adults	Stone	Especially likely if > 2 cm	Lump in the breast	Mammography, ultrasound, other imaging techniques	Yes
Lymphoma	Hodgkin lymphoma	Chest, neck, axilla, groin, or all of these	Young adult	Rubbery	> 1 cm	May have fever, night sweats, weight loss, enlarged spleen	Radiologic imaging	Yes
Viral infection	Mononucleosis; HIV/AIDS	Head and neck, spleen; generalized	Young adult; any, but most often young adult or adult	Rubbery; firm	About 1 cm; variable	May have fever, night sweats, weight loss; fever, night sweats, weight loss, or symptoms of opportunistic infection	Tests for Epstein-Barr virus, heterophile antibody; antibody blood tests	No; not usually

lymphadenopathy

Any disease process affecting a LYMPH NODE. Also known as lymphadenosis.

lymphadenopathy

An enlargement of a lymph gland. The preauricular lymph node located 1 cm in front of the external ear drains the orbital region and is sometimes involved with eyelid and conjunctival infection (e.g. adult inclusion conjunctivitis, follicular conjunctivitis). Syn. adenopathy (although strictly speaking this term refers to the enlargement of any gland).

lym·phad·e·nop·a·thy

(lim-fad'ĕ-nop'ă-thē)

1. Any disease process affecting lymph nodes.

2. The appearance of enlarged lymph nodes found on x-rays.

[G. lympha spring water + aden gland + G. pathos, suffering]

Patient discussion about lymphadenopathy

Q. my friend ate a bar of chocolate and now her left neck gland is swollen any ideas why? no other symptoms

A. it can be an infection -just like brandon said- or although this is rare, it can also be an allergic reaction.
if it is an infection, you can usually find such other infection symptoms like : fever, pain in that swollen area, increased white blood cells (in blood work test), etc.

if it is an allergy, usually it will fade away itself in couple of days, or you can just try to consume anti-allergic drugs, such as : loratadine and maybe combined with dexamethasone.

Good luck, and stay healthy always..