As already discussed, the broadband emission spectra of
vanadate phosphors are due to the charge transfer (CT) of an electron from the oxygen 2p orbital to the vacant 3d orbital of [V.sup.5+] in tetrahedral V[O.sub.4].
A complex of RNase A with a transition-state analog, uridine
vanadate, was also studied using a combination of neutron and x-ray diffraction techniques (14).
Types of pigments: Blacks (spinel), Blues (spinel, phthaocyanine, indanthrone), Corrosion Inhibiting (zinc phosphate, modified zinc phosphate, zinc-free anticorrosives, organic inhibitor), Greens (spinel, phthaocyanine), Reds (naphthol, quinacridone, DPP, benzimidazolone), Yelloivs and Oranges (chrome rutile, nickel rutile, bismuth
vanadate, naphthol, arylide, diarylide, isoindoline, benzimidazolone).
V0.13Mo0.87O2.935 catalyst was synthesized successfully in powder form by reducing acidified
vanadate and molybdate solution.
Bismuth
vanadate (BiV[O.sub.4]) has long been recognized for its ferroelasticity [7] and its application as a nontoxic and bright yellow pigment [8].
VO(IV) complexes have extensive clinical applications such as the oral administration of
vanadate to type -1 diabetic rat lowered the high level of blood glucose to normal values.
It is stimulated by anions [34], insensitive to
vanadate, unlike plasma membrane ATPase that is inhibited by orthovanadate by formation of phosphorylated intermediate [35].
* Bismuth
vanadate and encapsulated bismuth
vanadate yellows
The TruMark 3130 from Trumpf USA, Farmington, Conn., uses an yttrium
vanadate laser, instead of the Nd:YAG laser in the sister Model 3020.
When vanadium loads exceed the capacity of the chelators, however, free vanadyl ions ([V.sup.+4]) and the more potent
vanadate ([V.sup.+5]) may be released at high local concentration and may attack important biomolecules, resulting in cellular dysfunction (Hirao 2000; Liochev and Fridovich 1987; Nechay 1984).