The E6 protein of the high-risk HPV types also plays a role in increasing cell proliferation independently of E7, through its C-terminal PDZ ligand domain [the name PDZ is derived from the first three proteins in which these domains were found: PSD-95 (a 95 kDa protein involved in signalling), Dig (the Drosophila discs large protein), and ZO1 (the
zonula occludens 1 protein which is involved in maintaining epithelial cell polarity) (21).
Drawing on the scientific name for tight junctions, the investigators dubbed the bacterial protein
zonula occludens toxin, or Zot.
Antibodies for acetylated tubulin stain primary cilia and the tight junction protein
zonula occludens protein 3 (ZO-3) was stained to investigate apical membrane localization (Fig.
The nucleotide sequences of the forward and reverse primers for
zonula occludens protein-1 (ZO-1) were 5'-CCTGAGTTTGATAGTGGCGTTGA-3' and 5'-AAATAGATTTCCTGCCCAATTCC-3', respectively; those for interleukin (IL)-10 were 5'-GCATCCACTTCCCAA CCA-3' and 5'-CTTCCTCATCTTCATCGTCAT-3', respectively.
Zonula Occludens. The ZO proteins, which include ZO-1, ZO-2, and ZO-3, were the first TJ-specific proteins to be discovered [14].
Curcumin is able to inhibit the expression of MMP-9 and ionized calcium-binding adapter-1 (iba-1) positive microglia and strengthen the integrity of BBB by enhancing occludins and
zonula occludens (ZO-1) expression [52, 53].
This is accompanied by alterations in biomechanical properties, that is, an increased stiffness and differential regulation of
zonula occludens 1 (ZO1) proteins in melanoma cells following plasma treatment.
Intestinal permeability is regulated by tight junctions (TJ); among the identified TJ, the transmembrane proteins occludin, claudins, and cytoplasmic proteins
zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1) are considered crucial in regulating intestinal permeability [21].
2009), increased expression of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-[alpha] (TNF [alpha]) in Kupffer cells (Bala et al 2011), and reduced expression of a protein called
zonula occludens 1 (ZO1), which helps ensure the tight connection between intestinal epithelial cells (Tang et al.
The ELM is considered to consist of zonular adherence between photoreceptor inner segment and the Muller cell processes, and there is no
zonula occludens in ELM [32].
These proteins associate with peripheral membrane proteins including the membrane proteins
zonula occludens (ZO-1to3) which joins the transmembrane proteins to the actin cytoskeleton.
They bind to the intracellular proteins
zonula occludens (ZO)-l, ZO-2, cingulin, and/or 7H6 that couple the TJs to the actin cytoskeleton of endothelial cells (Abbott et al.