lymphoma

lymphoma

 [lim-fo´mah]

any neoplastic disorder of lymphoid tissue, including hodgkin's disease. Often used to denote malignant lymphoma, classifications of which are based on predominant cell type and degree of differentiation; various categories may be subdivided into nodular and diffuse types depending on the predominant pattern of cell arrangement.

adult T-cell lymphoma (adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma) adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma.

African lymphoma Burkitt's lymphoma.

B-cell l's a heterogeneous group of lymphoid malignancies including most non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, representing clonal expansions of malignant B lymphocytes that have been arrested at a particular stage in their differentiation from primitive stem cells. B-cell lymphoma usually appears as a painless lymph node enlargement, although extranodal sites of origin are not uncommon. These lymphomas have been classified on the basis of morphologic features characteristic of the different stages of normal B lymphocyte differentiation.

Burkitt's lymphoma see burkitt's lymphoma.

lymphoma cu´tis primary skin involvement by a B-cell lymphoma without demonstrable systemic disease.

diffuse lymphoma malignant lymphoma in which the neoplastic cells infiltrate the entire lymph node without any organized pattern.

follicular lymphoma malignant lymphoma in which the lymphomatous cells are clustered into identifiable nodules within the lymph nodes that somewhat resemble the germinal centers of lymphatic nodules. Follicular lymphomas usually occur in older persons and commonly involve many or all nodes as well as extranodal sites. Called also nodular lymphoma.

follicular center cell lymphoma any of a large group of B-cell lymphomas, comprising four subtypes classified on the basis of the predominant cell type (resembling small cleaved, large cleaved, small noncleaved, and large noncleaved follicular center cells). Because of the wide variety of prognostic levels and the existence of tumors with several types of cells, the original four categories have now been divided up and scattered among several new categories of follicular and diffuse lymphomas.

giant follicular lymphoma follicular lymphoma.

granulomatous lymphoma Hodgkin's disease.

histiocytic lymphoma a rare type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of intermediate to high malignancy, characterized by large tumor cells that resemble histiocytes morphologically but are considered to be of lymphoid origin. Many tumors formerly placed in this category are now considered to belong in one of the large cell lymphoma groups.

Hodgkin's lymphoma Hodgkin's disease.

large cell lymphoma any of several types of lymphoma characterized by formation of malignant large lymphocytes in a diffuse pattern; some varieties contain exclusively one type of cell, such as lymphoblasts or cleaved or uncleaved follicular center cells, and others have a mixture of cells, sometimes including ones that cannot be characterized as to lineage.

Lennert's lymphoma a type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with a high content of epithelioid histiocytes; bone marrow involvement is common and response to chemotherapy is often poor.

lymphoblastic lymphoma a highly malignant type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma composed of a diffuse, relatively uniform proliferation of cells with round or convoluted nuclei and scanty cytoplasm, which are cytologically similar to the lymphoblasts seen in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

malignant lymphoma a group of malignant neoplasms characterized by the proliferation of cells native to the lymphoid tissues, i.e., lymphocytes, histiocytes, and their precursors and derivatives. The group is divided into two major categories: hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

mixed lymphocytic-histiocytic lymphoma non-Hodgkin's lymphoma characterized by a mixed population of cells, with the smaller cells resembling lymphocytes and the larger ones histiocytes, usually occurring in a nodular histologic pattern but sometimes evolving into a diffuse pattern.

nodular lymphoma follicular lymphoma.

non-Hodgkin's l's a heterogeneous group of malignant lymphomas whose common feature is absence of the giant Reed-Sternberg cells characteristic of hodgkin's disease. They arise from the lymphoid components of the immune system, and present a clinical picture broadly similar to that of Hodgkin's disease except that these diseases are initially more widespread, with the most common manifestation being painless enlargement of one or more peripheral lymph nodes. The nomenclature and classification of these lymphomas has been a subject of controversy. One widely accepted classification is based on two criteria: cytologic characteristics of the constituent cells and type of cell growth pattern (defined as either nodular [follicular] or diffuse). Another system of classification is based on the cell type of origin: T- or B-lymphocytes or histiocytes. Still another formulation has been proposed, separating non-Hodgkin's lymphomas into major histopathologic subtypes using only morphologic criteria.

Diagnostic procedures used to confirm suspected non-Hodgkin's lymphoma include PET scans, gallium scans, and occasionally lymphangiograms. If lymphoma is diagnosed, it will be staged using the same system as for Hodgkin's disease.

Treatment will depend on the type and stage. It may be single agent or multiagent chemotherapy, radiation therapy, biotherapy, or a combination. Blood transfusions and bone marrow transplantation have shown efficacy for some types of lymphoma.

Patient care: major problems presented by the patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma include the management of side effects associated with treatment and the prevention of infection.

small lymphocytic lymphoma a diffuse form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with a low grade of malignancy; it represents the neoplastic proliferation of well-differentiated B lymphocytes and may present with either focal lymph node enlargement or generalized lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly. The predominant cell type is a compact, small, normal-appearing lymphocyte with a dark-staining round nucleus, scanty cytoplasm, and little size variation. It nearly always involves the bone marrow, and often malignant cells are found in the blood, so that its clinical picture is similar to that of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Called also well-differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma.

T-cell l's a heterogeneous group of lymphoid tumors representing malignant transformation of the T lymphocytes. Types include convoluted T-cell lymphomas, cutaneous T-cell lymphomas, adult T-cell leukemia, and certain other conditions.

undifferentiated lymphoma malignant lymphoma composed of undifferentiated cells, i.e., cells that do not show morphologic evidence of maturation toward lymphocytes or histiocytes, which vary in size and may include bizarre giant forms.

well-differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma small lymphocytic lymphoma.

lym·pho·ma

(lim-fō'mă),

Any neoplasm of lymphoid or reticuloendothelial tissues; in general use, synonymous with malignant lymphoma; present as apparently solid tumors composed of cells that appear primitive or resemble lymphocytes, plasma cells, or histiocytes. Lymphomas appear most frequently in the lymph nodes, spleen, or other normal sites of lymphoreticular cells; may invade other organs or manifest as leukemia. Lymphomas are now classified by histology, immunophenotype, and cytogenetic analysis, according to cell of orgin (B or T cells) and degree of maturation. The current World Health Organization (WHO) classification of lymphoid neoplasms is based on the Revised European-American Lymphoma (REAL) classification and effectively replaces older schemes such as the Working Formulation and Rappaport classification, which were based solely on morphology.
See also: International Prognostic Index.

[lympho- + G. -oma, tumor]

lymphoma

(lĭm-fō′mə)

n. pl. lympho·mata (-mə-tə) or lympho·mas

1. Any of various malignant tumors that arise from the lymphocytic cells of the immune system.

2. Any of various cancers characterized by the development of such tumors, especially Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

---

lym·pho′ma·toid′, lym·pho′ma·tous (-təs) adj.

lymphoma

Oncology A malignant neoplasm of B or T lymphocytes, arising from a monoclonal, ie derived from a single progenitor cell, proliferation of lymphocytes; the proliferative process is considered lymphomatous in the appropriate clinical setting, given that not all monoclonal expansions are malignant Clinical Painless swelling of lymph nodes in neck, underarm, groin Prognosis Favorable in follicular lymphomas, especially cleaved, mixed and large non-cleaved cell types; some diffuse lymphomas–eg, small lymphocytic, cleaved cell, Burkitt's, non-cleaved cell and convoluted cell types, have OK-ish prognoses; Ls with poor prognosis include diffuse plasmacytoid lymphocye, mixed cell, mixed small noncleaved cell and large noncleaved cell types; advanced age, anemia and high mitotic activity are associated with a poor prognosis. See Angiotropic lymphoma, B-cell lymphoma, Biclonal lymphoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, Composite lymphoma, Cutaneous cell lymphoma, Diffuse lymphoma, Diffuse large cell lymphoma, Diffuse mixed (small & large) cell lymphoma, Diffuse small cleaved cell lymphoma, Discordant lymphoma, Extranodal lymphoma, Follicular lymphoma, Gastric lymphoma, High-grade lymphoma, Histiocytic lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, Intermediate lymphocytic lymphoma, Ki-1 lymphoma, Large cell lymphoma with filopedia, Lennert's lymphoma, Low-grade lymphoma, Lymphoblastic lymphoma, MALToma, Mantle zone lymphoma, Mediterranean lymphoma, Monoclonality, Monocytoid B-cell lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Pediatric lymphoma, Pinkus lymphoma, Pleomorphic non-Burkitt's lymphoma, Polylobulated lymphoma, Prelymphoma, Primary lymphoma of brain, Pseudolymphoma, Pseudopseudolymphoma, REAL classification, Reversible lymphoma, Serous lymphoma, Signet ring cell lymphoma, Small lymphocytic lymphoma, Small non-cleaved cell lymphoma, T-cell lymphoma lymphoma, Testicular lymphoma, Working classification. Cf Leukemia.

lym·pho·ma

(lim-fō'mă)

Any neoplasm of lymphoid tissue; in general use, synonymous with malignant lymphoma.

[lympho- + G. -oma, tumor]

lymphoma

(lim-fo'ma ) ('mat-a) plural.lymphomaslymphomata [ lymph- + -oma]

A malignant neoplasm originating from lymphocytes. Common forms of lymphoma are listed in the subentries below. These include Hodgkin disease, mycosis fungoides, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.lymphomatous ('mat-us), adjective See: Hodgkin disease

Staging

Staging of both Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma is as follows: Stage I: involvement of a single lymph node or localized involvement. Stage II: Involvement of two or more lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm. Stage III: Involvement of several lymph node regions on both sides of the diaphragm. Stage IV: Involvement of extralymphatic tissue, such as the bone marrow.

anaplastic large cell lymphoma

Abbreviation: ALCL

A rare form of non-Hodgkin, T-cell lymphoma that may behave indolently when limited to the skin or may be more aggressive and spread to lymph nodes throughout the body.

body cavity lymphoma

Primary effusion lymphoma.

Burkitt lymphoma

See: Burkitt lymphoma

CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA: Raised reddish-purple plaque on the skin of the hip

cutaneous T-cell lymphoma

Abbreviation: CTCL.

A malignant non-Hodgkin lymphoma with a predilection for infiltrating the skin. In its earliest stages, it often is mistaken for a mild, chronic dermatitis because it appears as itchy macules and patches, often on the chest or trunk. Later, the lesions may thicken, become nodular, or spread throughout the entire surface of the skin, the internal organs, or the bloodstream.

See: illustration

follicular lymphoma

A B-cell, non-Hodgkin lymphoma found in adult and older patients. It results from a translocation of an oncogene from chromosome 14 to chromosome 18 [t(14; 18)]. Most instances of this lymphoma are indolent or slow growing.

hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma

A rare, rapidly progressive lymphoma that develops in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow. It has been identified in patients taking immunosuppressive drugs for diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease.

Hodgkin lymphoma

See: Hodgkin, Thomas

Mediterranean lymphoma

Immunoproliferative small intestinal disease.

NON-HODGKIN LYMPHOMA: Bizarre-appearing lymphocytes revealing active mitosis (orig. mag. ×1000)

non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Abbreviation: NHL

Any of a group of malignant tumors of B or T lymphocytes. In 2008, the American Cancer Society estimated that about 66,100 Americans would be newly diagnosed with the disease. See: illustration; Hodgkin disease

Symptoms

Painless lymphadenopathy in two thirds of patients is the most frequent presenting symptom. Others have fever, night sweats, and loss of 10% or more of body weight in the 6 months before presenting with symptoms of infiltration into nonlymphoid tissue. Additional involvement is in peripheral areas such as epitrochlear nodes, the tonsillar area, and bone marrow. NHL is 50% more frequent in occurrence in men than in women of similar age. In most cases the cause of NHL is unknown, but patients who have received immunosuppressive agents have an over 100 times greater chance of developing NHL, probably because the immunosuppressive agents activate tumor viruses.

Treatment

Specific therapy depends on the type, grade, and stage of the lymphoma. Combination chemotherapies, bone marrow transplantation, radiation therapy, and photochemotherapy may be given, depending on the specific diagnosis.

primary effusion lymphoma

A non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma that typically arises in body cavities such as the pleural, peritoneal, or pericardial spaces. It is caused by Kaposisarcoma herpesvirus (human herpes virus 8) and is usually found in patients with advanced immune suppression.

Synonym: body cavity lymphoma

lymphoma

a tumor of lymphoid tissue.

Lymphoma

A type of cancer that affects lymph cells and tissues, including certain white blood cells (T cells and B cells), lymph nodes, bone marrow, and the spleen. Abnormal cells (lymphocyte/leukocyte) multiply uncontrollably.

Mentioned in: AIDS, Ataxia-Telangiectasia, Bone Marrow Transplantation, Liver Transplantation, Lymphangiography, Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia

lym·pho·ma

(lim-fō'mă)

Any neoplasm of lymphoid or reticuloendothelial tissues; in general use, synonymous with malignant lymphoma; presents as apparently solid tumors composed of cells that appear primitive or resemble lymphocytes, plasma cells, or histiocytes; appear most frequently in the lymph nodes, spleen, or other normal sites of lymphoreticular cells.

[lympho- + G. -oma, tumor]

Patient discussion about lymphoma

Q. I would like to chat with someone w/any knowledge of fibromyalgia being treated with Methadone my best friend has severe fibromyalgia and has been treated with Methadone for the past several years. She has developed severe chronic anemia in these years. She now has lymphoma. I want to know if she is the only one and if methadone can affect bone marrow.

A. I have never ever heard or read anywhere about methadone causing anemia, nor is that something that an opiate medication would normally cause. We all have a tendency to blame everything that happens to us, health-wise, on methadone sometimes--but in this case, you probably need to look elsewhere for the cause.
the Anemia is probably due to the Lymphoma. if not-her life is out of balance, she might changed her diet and may have shortage of iron or B12.