Tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes are pri- marily responsible for genetic alterations at molecular level and thus are responsible for progression of normal epithelial cells to dysplastic
squamous cells.11 Various proliferative and apoptotic pathways are involved in normal cell cycle and growth.12 When tumor suppressor genes get inactivated and oncogenes are activated these proliferative and apoptotic pathways are de-regulated which leads to tumor development.
All normal
squamous cells can secrete PTHrP but only certain
squamous cell tumors result in hypercalcemia [3].
Editor's Note:
Squamous cells occur in the outermost layers of the skin, as well as in the lining of the digestive tract and other areas.
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a malignant neo- plasm of epithelial cells exhibiting squamous differentiation as characterised by the formation of kera- tin and the presence of intercellular bridges.1 These
squamous cells form the lining epithelium of skin, oral cavity, oesophagus, rectum, vagina etc.
Squamous cells are the main part of the outermost layers of the skin, and SCC is one of the major forms of skin cancer.
It was composed of strands, cords and nests of
squamous cells. These cells showed pleomorphic hyperchromatic nuclei.
Contribution of cytopathology to the diagnosis of oral
squamous cells carcinoma.
Squamous cell carcinoma begins in the
squamous cells, which are thin, flat cells that resemble fish scales under a microscope.
At that time, biopsy revealed only
squamous cells and the preliminary diagnosis was oesophageal carcinoma.
(1) Primary
squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the thyroid is a sporadic malignant disease because the thyroid lacks
squamous cells.
Squamous cells can be found in the thyroid from persistence of thyroglossal ducts or brachial pouch-derived structures or from squamous metaplasia in Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
Cytologic study of the sample revealed rare ductal cells, few atypical cells, and anucleated
squamous cells in a proteinaceous background.
