Species of some groups (Sipuncula, Cnidaria, Echinodermata,
Scaphopoda) started to appear at depths greater than 50 m at which fish disappeared.
As
Scaphopoda form polar lobes, and it is generally assumed that the
Scaphopoda are the sister group of the Bivalvia, this may imply that polar lobe formation is a matter of convergence.
Astarte borealis 3-45 Astarte warhami 3-53 Clinocardium ciliatum 9-20 Cuspidaria arctica 9-14 Delectopecten greenlandicus 14-67 152,180 Hiatella arctica 3-40 Intertidal Macoma calcarea 4-16 Intertidal Macoma loveni 3-32 Mya truncata 3-32 Intertidal Portlandia arctica 4-81 Nuculana pernula 9-40 Thracia devexa 4-16 Thyasira gouldi 5-82 Thyasira dunbari 8-10, 57 Yoldiella fraterna 32-45 152 Yoldiella intermedia 34-66 160, 425-604 Yoldiella lenticula 9-82 180-604
ScaphopodaSe identificaron 229 especies correspondientes a 11 Filos: Annelida (Polychaeta), Arthropoda (Pycnogonida, Malacostraca, Ostracoda), Bryozoa, Chordata (Ascidiacea), Cnidaria (Anthozoa, Hydrozoa), Echinodermata (Echinoidea, Ophiuroidea, Holothuroidea, Asteroidea), Mollusca (Gastropoda, Bivalvia, Polyplacophora, Cephalopoda,
Scaphopoda), Nemertea (Anopla, Enopla), Platyhelminthes, Porifera y Sipuncula, todos son grupos representativos de comunidades bentonicas costeras (Tabla 1, Apendice I).
clase Gastropoda (Heterobranchia), clase Bivalvia, clase
Scaphopoda, clase Cephalopoda, glosario e indices.
The historical review of the collection of molluscs can be found in our previous publication on the subject (Muratov & Davis 2011), where we presented illustrated annotations on primary types of
Scaphopoda and Cephalopoda.
Antarctic and subantarctic Mollusca: Amphineura,
scaphopoda, and Bivalvia.
Introduction, Bivalvia to
Scaphopoda. Hamburg, Germany: Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, pp.
La composicion taxonomica de las tres clases de moluscos (Bivalvia, Gastropoda y
Scaphopoda), se caracterizo por una disminucion del numero de ordenes, familias, generos y especies con respecto al periodo 1981-1985.
Scaphopoda. Annals of the South African Museum 47 (2): 201-360.
Phyllum Mollusca: Polyplacophora, Aplacophora,
Scaphopoda, Pp.
Bivalve molluscs are included in the monophyletic clade Conchifera together with the Monoplacophora, Cephalopoda,
Scaphopoda, and Gastropoda classes (Kocot et al.