Moreover, without fire many Oak Woodlands (and Oak Forests) changed in composition as less fire resistant species such as Prunus serotina, Acer rubrum, and
Sassafras albidum increased in abundance.
Ethanol extracts of barks of Carya ovata, Quercus rubra, Acer saccharum, Juglans nigra and
Sassafras albidum all inhibited seed germination of Rhus radicans (Tukey hsd multiple comparisons; Table 4).
Four species (Rhus copallinum, Liquidamber styraciflua,
Sassafras albidum, and Diospyros virginiana) occurred in all three plots.
It follows that replacement appears likely for the principal shade-tolerant canopy species Acer saccharum, Prunus serotina,
Sassafras albidum, and Fraxinus americana (Table 1).
American elm), Quercus alba, and
Sassafras albidum followed in importance.
Number of stems Species Dry Floodplain Upland Acer saccharum 85 1 Ulmus americana 1 Fraxinus quadrangulata 23 Aesculus glabra 3 2 Fraxinus americana 8 Prunus serotina 10 Lonicera mackii Carya cordiformis 1 Ulmus rubra Crataegus punctata 2 Cornus drummondii 2 Viburnum prunifolium 6 Celtis occidentalis 4 1 Ostrya virginiana 4 Fagus grandifolia 2 2 Asimina triloba 4 Lindera benzoin 4 Sumbucus canadensis 4 Crataegus mollis Acer negundo Cercis canadensis Eleagnus umbellata Quercus muhlenbergii
Sassafras albidum Vitis spp.
cinerea 1998 Shortleaf pine Pinus echinata 12289 Pin oak Quercus palustris 1383 Post oak Quercus stellata 52676 Sassafras
Sassafras albidum 90 Sycamore Platanus occidentalis 1343 White oak Quercus alba 53614 TABLE 2.
Sassafras albidum had a large number of stems in the two smallest size classes.
White oak had the highest mortality followed by
Sassafras albidum (sassafras), Ulmus americana (American elm), and black gum.
Dominants consisted primarily of species of the overstory, exceptions being Ilex vomitoria, Cornus florida, Ulmus alata, and
Sassafras albidum.
Betula allegheniensis, Fagus grandifolia, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Liriodendron tulipifera, Nyssa sylvatica and
Sassafras albidum were infrequent locally.
