SMAD2

A gene on chromosome 18q21.1 that encodes a SMAD family protein, named for their similarity to the Drosophila gene Mothers Against Decapentaplegic (MAD), which are signal transducers and transcription modulators of multiple signalling pathways. SMAD2 mediates the signal of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, and thus regulates multiple cellular processes—e.g., cell proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation. In response to the binding of TGF-beta, SMAD2 is phosphorylated and dissociated from the SMAD anchor for receptor activation (SARA) protein and forms a complex with SMAD4, resulting in transcription regulation.

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SMAD7

References in periodicals archive ?

To make sure that our myostatin was triggering intracellular signaling, we evaluated the phosphorylation levels of Smad2 and 3 after 4 h of incubation with myostatin.

Myostatin promotes distinct responses on protein metabolism of skeletal and cardiac muscle fibers of rodents

To further investigate MHP1-mediated intracellular transduction mechanisms, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells were treated with MHP-1 under TGF-[beta]1 stimulation and phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3 were detected.

MHP-1 inhibits cancer metastasis and restores topotecan sensitivity via regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition and TGF-[beta] signaling in human breast cancer cells

Increased TRAF4, correlate with elevated levels of phosphorylated SMAD2 and phosphorylated TAK1 as well as poor prognosis among breast cancer patients.

MiR-4284 and miR-4484 as putative biomarkers for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

Mutations in other tumour suppressor genes (APC, SMAD2, SMAD 4, DCC, TP53) and oncogenes (K-ras) and several other genes/pathways accompany the transition of the tumour towards malignancy and metastasis.

K-ras codon 12 and not TP53 mutations are predominant in advanced colorectal cancers

MAN1, an integral protein of the inner nuclear membrane, binds Smad2 and Smad3 and antagonizes transforming growth factor-beta signaling.

Osteopoikilosis--a case report

SMAD2 is essential for TGF beta-mediated Th17 cell generation.

Clinical effects of soluble interleukin-6 receptor detection on autoimmune rheumatic disease patients

Expression of Smad2 and Smad4 transforming growth factor-beta signal transducers in rat endometrium during the estrous cycle pre- and peri-implantation.

IMMUNOLOCALIZATION OF THE SMAD4 PROTEIN IN POSTNATAL PORCINE UTERUS

Alternatively, IL-6 activates IL-1ra, which allows TGF-[beta] to phosphorylate and induce the expression of activating signaling protein genes Smad2 and Smad3, resulting in the full expression of multiple genes.

Integrative model of chronically activated immune-hormonal pathways important in the generation of fibromyalgia

Alteraciones en el gen SMAD4 (DPC4) se presentan entre 16% y 25% de los casos de CCR, mientras que un 6% ocurre en SMAD2, cuando estas alteraciones ocurren en la linea germinal de los individuos generan poliposis juvenil y hamartomas poliposos (46).

Bases moleculares del cancer colorrectal

The signals induced by TGF-[beta] are specifically mediated by SMAD2 and SMAD3.

TGF-[beta] y un inhibidor especifico de TGF-[beta] regulan pericentrina B y MYH9 en celulas de glioma

Both SMAD2 and SMAD3 mediate activin-stimulated expression of the follicle-stimulating hormone [beta] subunit in mouse gonadotrope cells," Molecular Endocrinology 18(3): 606-623.

Recent publications

The two genes, named Smad2 and TSC-22, play important roles during the hair's life cycle which includes growth, regression, dormancy, the falling out of the hair and the growth of new hair, according to the study.