SIADH

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syndrome

[sin´drōm]

a combination of symptoms resulting from a single cause or so commonly occurring together as to constitute a distinct clinical picture. For specific syndromes, see under the name, such as adrenogenital syndrome or reye's syndrome. See also disease and sickness.

syndrome of crocodile tears spontaneous lacrimation occurring parallel with the normal salivation of eating. It follows facial paralysis and seems to be due to straying of the regenerating nerve fibers, some of those destined for the salivary glands going to the lacrimal glands.

syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) a syndrome in which secretion of vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone) is not inhibited by hypotonicity of extracellular fluid and hyponatremia is produced. It occurs in conjunction with oat cell carcinoma of the lung and certain other malignant tumors and is caused by production of vasopressin by the tumor. See also ectopic hormones.

SIADH

Abbreviation for syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone.

Farlex Partner Medical Dictionary © Farlex 2012

SIADH

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. A condition characterised by increased vasopressin/ADH secretion (despite low plasma osmolarity), water retention and dilutional hyponatraemia.

Aetiology
Addison’s disease, ACTH deficiency, AIDS, hypopituitarism, paraneoplastic hormone production (small cell carcinoma of lung, bronchogenic, pancreas, uterine, bladder or prostate), lymphoproliferative disorders, mesothelioma, thymoma, CNS disease (trauma, infection, chromophobe adenoma), metastases, lung disease (TB, pneumonia, PEEP ventilation), porphyria, drugs (e.g., chlorpropamide, vincristine, etc.).

Lab
Hypervolemia, hypouricaemia, decreased creatinine, hyponatraemia, natriuresis (urinary sodium > 20 mEq/L with decreased BUN), no symptoms of volume depletion, decreased maximum urinary dilution, increased ADH, normal renal and adrenal function.

Management
Corticosteroids to suppress ADH secretion.

SIADH

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, dilutional hyponatremia A complex characterized by ↑ vasopressin–ADH secretion despite low plasma osmolarity, water retention, dilutional hyponatremia Etiology Addison's disease, ACTH deficiency, AIDS, hypopituitarism, ectopic hormone production in CA–small cell, bronchogenic, pancreas, uterine, bladder, prostate, lymphoproliferative disorders, mesothelioma, thymoma, CNS disease–trauma, infection, chromophobe adenoma, metastases, lung disease–TB, pneumonia, PEEP ventilation, porphyria, drugs–eg, chlorpropamide, vincristine, etc Lab Hypervolemia, hypouricemia, ↓ creatinine, hyponatremia, natriuresis–urinary sodium > 20 mEq/L with ↓ BUN, no Sx of volume depletion, ↓ maximum urinary dilution, ↑ ADH, normal renal and adrenal function Management Corticosteroids to suppress ADH secretion

SIADH

Abbreviation for syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion.

Medical Dictionary for the Health Professions and Nursing © Farlex 2012

SIADH

Abbrev. for Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone. This is a condition in which excessive production of ADH (also known as vasopressin) by the PITUITARY GLAND results in water retention and low levels of sodium. The syndrome occurs in various serious diseases, especially cancer.

Collins Dictionary of Medicine © Robert M. Youngson 2004, 2005

SIADH

Abbreviation for syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone.

Medical Dictionary for the Dental Professions © Farlex 2012

References in periodicals archive ?

Hyponatremia in patients with central nervous system disease: SIADH versus CSW.

Cerebral Salt-Wasting Syndrome in a Patient with Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis: The Use of Fludrocortisone in Treatment/Subakut Sklerozan Panensefalitli Bir Hastada Serebral Tuz Kaybi Sendromu: Tedavide Fludrokortizon Kullanimi

Conivaptan is approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for hypervolemic (nephrotic syndrome, cardiac failure and cirrhosis) or euvolemic hyponatremia (SIADH) treatment in adults, but not in children (10).

Efficiency of Single Dose of Tolvaptan Treatment During the Triphasic Episode After Surgery for Craniopharyngioma

The specific mechanisms by which psychotropic medications cause SIADH are listed in Table 4 (24) (page 38).

Psychotropic-induced hyponatremia

The main modality of management in SIADH is water restriction, although in severe symptomatic cases hypertonic saline (3%) and drugs such as loop diuretics (furosemide), demeclocycline, and vaptans should be used [16].

Severe Symptomatic Hyponatremia Secondary to Escitalopram-Induced SIADH: A Case Report with Literature Review

Tolvaptan is also effective in management of SIADH in SCLC patients with sodium level < 125mmol/l [20].

Beyond the Dual Paraneoplastic Syndromes of Small-Cell Lung Cancer with ADH and ACTH Secretion: A Case Report with Literature Review and Future Implications

In the index patient, SIADH was initially suspected to be due to ectopic secretion of vasopressin by the prostatic malignancy, as previously reported in the literature [2, 23].

Corrigendum to "Amiodarone Induced Hyponatremia Masquerading as Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion by Anaplastic Carcinoma of Prostate"

At timepoint 2, the artificial SIADH had been induced resulting in hypotonic hyponatremia (overall: serum sodium 133 mmol/l ([+ or -] 2.0); serum osmolality 269 mmol/kg ([+ or -] 3.2)), elevated urine osmolality (overall: 502 mmol/kg ([+ or -] 138.7)), and natriuresis (overall: urine sodium 83 mmol/l ([+ or -] 39.5)).

Empagliflozin Increases Short-Term Urinary Volume Output in Artificially Induced Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuresis

It should only be performed after other causes of SIADH are fully worked up and the diagnosis of reset osmostat is strongly suspected.

Reset Osmostat: A Challenging Case of Hyponatremia

Patients with old TB, renal failure patients, endocrine abnormalities, patients receiving diuretics and medications related to SIADH. This study was approved by the institutional ethical committee.

Prevalence of hyponatremia in pulmonary tuberculosis--a pilot study from a tertiary care center in south India

However, studies have demonstrated that ecstasy also independently increases the amount of arginine vasopressin (AVP) in the brain, leading to a state of SIADH, leading to increased water retention by the kidneys.