The researchers found penis bones in five fossils that belonged to the large primitive bear, which roamed Europe during the Late Miocene, in the Madrid Basin in Spain.
According to the study led by paleobiologist Juan Abella, of the Autonomous University of Barcelona, the fossil record prove that the male Indarctos arctoides was much larger than the female, which is in contradiction with previous research that suggested that bear species with strong sex differences tend to have shorter penis bones and mating systems.