One example of this susceptibility gene-microbial interaction in mice is that a combination of impaired autophagy (from a mutated Atg16L1) and colonization of murine norovirus results in
Paneth cell dysfunction, resembling the abnormalities seen in some patients with Crohn's ileitis [157].
Oxyntic glands are in abundance in the gastric body biopsies; The duodenum shows both goblet cells and
Paneth cells and mild villous blunting, in contrast to the marked changes seen previously; The colon shows patchy active colitis, increased apoptosis, and marked loss of goblet cells.
Moreover, there exist no known cell lines for certain intestinal cell types such as
Paneth cells [45].
The alphadefensin family consists of 6 members, 4 of which are found in the primary granules of neutrophils (accounting for 30% of total granule protein), and 2 in the
Paneth cells of the crypts of the small intestine.7 These are known as human neutrophil peptides 1-4 (HNP 1-4) and human defensins 5 and 6 (HD5 and 6).
Gut microflora are also known to play a key role in the construction of the villus mesenchymal microvascular network (46) and
Paneth cells are central components in this microbially regulated angiogenesis.
In the small intestine, so-called
Paneth cells normally secrete antimicrobial compounds (SN: 8/26/00, p.
TATI is expressed at lower concentrations in several other healthy tissues, especially in the gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts, e.g., by
Paneth cells in the small intestine (8), by mucus-producing cells in the intestine, and in the gall bladder, biliary tract, kidney, lung, liver, and breast (9,10).
In addition, the
Paneth cells (secretory cells) in the spiked-fed group were highly activated and contained a large number of secretory granules.
Methyl mercury in primates produces histologic abnormality of one intestinal cell line:
Paneth cells are enlarged and packed with secretory granules (21), also specifically reported in autistic children (5).
The dilated cystic glands have an abundance of mature mucus-secreting cells, and some neuroendocrine and
Paneth cells. The surfaces are often eroded and replaced by granulation tissue.
Also, goblet cells,
Paneth cells, and intestinal stem cells were shown to be reduced in acute GI GvHD.