Two conditions were used to establish whether FM550 and its components induce differentiation in human primary preadipocytes and if they act only through
PPARG in this model system.
Gene SNP Significant association to PAD Cytokine- IL6 IL6-174 G/C No cytokine receptor interaction pathway CX3CR1 837 G/A No 931 C/T No CCR5 [DELTA] 32 No Leukocyte CYBA 242 C/T No transendothelial migration pathway ICAMI Lys469Glu Yes SELE 561 A/C Yes MMP9 -1562 C/T No MMP1 -16071 G/2G Yes Peroxisome
PPARG Pro12Ala Yes proliferator- activated receptor signaling pathway SNP=single nucleotide polymorphism; PAD=peripheral artery disease Table 4.
Impact of KCNJ11 TCF7L2 SLC30A8 IGF2BP2
PPARG SLC47A1 STK11 HHEX KCNQ1 CDKAL1 FTO CYP2C9 ADIPOQ CAPN10 gene polymorphisms on risk of type 2 diabetes and therapeutic response to sulfonylurea and metformin therapy.
42-44] With the exception of LOC387761 and EXT2, these novel loci and 2 previously-known variants,
PPARG P12A and KCNJ11 E23K, were confirmed by multiple replication studies composed of European and non-European populations.
The
PPARG gene, encoding the nuclear receptor PPAR-[gamma], was the first gene reproducibly associated with T2D (21).
Therefore, FA with PAX8/
PPARG rearrangement needs thorough sampling of the specimen to rule out capsular and vascular invasion.
PPARG and FABP4 are reportedly key regulators in the PPAR signaling pathway associated with adipogenesis and marbling traits in beef cattle.
A similar fraction of follicular carcinomas, but a much smaller fraction of adenomas, are found to harbor a t(2;3)(q13; p25) chromosomal translocation that fuses the PAX8 [2] (paired box 8) gene with the
PPARG (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma) gene (2).
AHR (aryl hydrocarbon receptor),
PPARG, and CEBPB are all highly expressed in the placenta, which represents a potential MRDT target given its role as an endocrine organ (Scott et al.
21-24) Nikiforov et al (25) studied a 4-gene panel consisting of BRAF V600E, neuroblastoma RAS viral (v-ras) oncogene homlog (NRAS), Harvey rat sarcomal viral oncogene homolog (HRAS), and Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) point mutations, RET/PTC gene rearrangements, and PAX8/
PPARG gene rearrangement in 513 indeterminate aspirates with surgical follow-up.
Finally, the protein product of PAX8/
PPARG acts, at least in part, by inhibiting wild-type
PPARG signaling (8), suggesting that such tumors could be amenable to
PPARG agonist therapy, similar to what has been observed in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (9).
The CEBPA and
PPARG genes are important transcription factors involved in adipogenesis.
