Another in vitro gene expression study with normal and PCOS ovaries revealed altered expression of several genes involved in insulin function like PDK4 (pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4), PIGH (phosphatidylinositolglycan class H) and UDP-GalNAcPP (UDP-GalNAc pyropho sphorylase) and some genes involved in insulin mitogenic pathway, mainly those in MAPK pathway, such as RPS6KA2 (44).