This increase in ATP levels has been suggested to play a role in the chemotaxis and activation of inflammatory cells, such as neutrophils, through
P2Y receptors [48, 49].
Extracellular ATP acts as a paracrine messenger in these waves, since it activates purinergic receptors (P2X and
P2Y) in astrocytes of surrounding cells, thus resulting in an increase of [[[Ca.sup.2+]].sub.i] [143].
Since its establishment, VP-46 has flown seven aircraft variants; the PM-2,
P2Y, PBY Catalina, PBM-3 Mariner, P5M Marlin, P-2 Neptune, and since Jan.
The interpersonal distances were obtained with the equation D = [square root of ([(P2x - P1x).sup.2] + [(
P2y - P1y).sup.2])], where "D" refers to the distance between players (P1 and P2).
Currently, both ionotropic P2X receptors and metabotropic
P2Y receptors have been identified as key receptors in mediating neuropathic pain [49].
The ATP released through Panx1 channels contributes, in great part, to the a1-adrenoceptor-mediated vasoconstriction through the activation of
P2Y receptors.[16],[17],[27 Interestingly, this complementary vasoconstrictor mechanism is only coupled to a1-adrenoceptor activation while the response to serotonin or endothelin-1 is not affected by typical Panx1 channel blockers such as the Panx1 mimetic peptide [10] Panx and probenecid, which was confirmed in the SMC Panx1-deficient mice.[16] This observation has now been confirmed independently pharmacologically [28] and genetically [29] in mouse mesenteric arterioles (as well as humans [data not shown]) highlighting the importance of the Panx1-a1-adrenerigc interaction, especially for translational outcomes.{Figure 1}
(2001) Extracellular ATP or ADP induce chemotaxis of cultured microglia through Gi/o-coupled
P2Y receptors.
Alem da influencia vascular, a vasodilatacao tambem tem uma interferencia neural, mediada pela acao do ATP, atraves dos receptores purinergicos
P2Y e P2X.
P2 receptors are classified into several subtypes of ligand-gated ion channels (P2X1-P2X7 subunits) and eight distinct G protein-coupled receptors (
P2Y) which are both characterized by a variety of distinct properties and a broad range of ATP sensitivities ranging from nanomolar (
P2Y receptor) to tenth micromolar (P2X) or millimolar for P2X7 [1, 11-14].
The role and transduction mechanisms of
P2Y receptors," Cellular Signalling, vol.
There was a concomitant upregulation of the
P2Y purinoreceptor in the presence of the EF, and interestingly, blocking the receptor using drugs or siRNA resulted in a loss of directedness in NPCS [54].
Interestingly, ADAM17 can also be activated by mitochondrial ROS in a src- and PKC-independent way via the activation of the
P2Y receptor by ATP in fibroblast [128] and FAS-mediated apoptosis in neutrophils [129].