franciscana was evaluated getting an EC50(48) of 0.0118 mg [L.sup.-1] on the cysts significantly below that the dose needed to cause death stage
naupliar (Brix et al., 2006).
A free-swimming lecithotrophic
naupliar stage is recognized as the infective stage (Grygier and Ohtsuka 1995).
The microzooplankton size category (<200 [micron]m) is composed of a diverse assemblage, including protozoa (HNF and ciliates), rotifers and
naupliar stages of copepods.
tonsa under high density conditions may be a reproductive strategy used in localized patches of superabundant food and few predators to compensate for future predation pressure and food shortages, and may also be a means to stockpile current food surplus with reproduction and subsequent cannibalism on the
naupliar stages when the food source diminishes.
Argulus japonicus has three setae at the tip of the endopod of the first leg, and three setae are present in the first
naupliar stage according to Tokioka (1936).
This study reveals how the muscle system develops during
naupliar development.
Thus,
naupliar cohorts of the two dominant copepod species seem to have been temporally separated.
However,
naupliar and copepodite growth and development are severely limited when individuals are raised on monospecific cyanobacterial diets (Xu and Burns 1991), and the demographic consequences for Boeckella of cyanobacteria remain uncertain, particularly when this "poor quality" food is ingested together with other algal species.
californicus includes six
naupliar and six copepodid stages with the sixth copepodid stage being the adult.
Abstract.--In symbiotic copepods, most
naupliar stages are typically planktonic, playing a primary role in dispersal, while the first copepodid usually represents the infective stage.
Embryonic development of four species of palaemonid prawns (Crustacea, Decapoda): pre-naupliar,
naupliar and post-naupliar periods.