MMP21

A gene on chromosome 10q26.13 that encodes matrix metalloproteinase 21, which cleaves alpha-1-antitrypsin and may have a role in embryogenesis and tumour progression. MMP21 is also a less preferred gene symbol for what is now designated as MMP23A (see there), and a less preferred gene symbol for what is now designated as MMP23B (see there).

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Due to structural and substrate specificity, MMPs are currently divided into seven classes: collagenases (MMP1, MMP8, MMP13, and MMP18), gelatinases (MMP2 and MMP9), stromelysins (MMP3, MMP10), stromelysin like (MMP11 and MMP12), matrilysins (MMP7 and MMP26), membrane type (MMP14, MMP15, MMP16, MMP17, MMP24, and MMP25), and others (MMP19, MMP20, MMP21, MMP22, MMP23, MMP27, and MMP28) [18, 27, 28].

Metalloproteinases involvement in liver tumoral pathology-an update

Retinoid receptor binding sites have been identified in the promoter region for MMP-21 expression, thus retinoic acid upregulates MMP21 mRNA in monocytic U937 cells [1] and the enzyme has been found in cancer cells.

Matrix metalloproteinase-21 expression is associated with keratinocyte differentiation and upregulated by retinoic acid in HaCaT cells

2-4) Secreted-type MMPs can be classified into 6 subgroups according to their substrate specificity and structural differences (2): (1) collagenases, including tissue collagenase (MMP1), neutrophil collagenase (MMP8), and collagenase 3 (MMP13); (2) gelatinases, such as gelatinase A (MMP2) and gelatinase B (MMP9); (3) stromelysins, including stromelysin 1 (MMP3) and stromelysin 2 (MMP-10); (4) matrilysins, such as matrilysin 1 (MMP7) and matrilysin 2 (MMP26); (5) furin-activated MMPs, including stromelysin 3 (MMP-13) and epilysin (MMP 28); and (6) other MMPs such as metalloelastase (MMP12), MMP19, enamelysin (MMP-20), MMP21, and MMP-27.

Serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase 3 (stromelysin 1) for monitoring synovitis in rheumatoid arthritis