MAP2K3

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MAP2K3

A gene on chromosome 17q11.2 that encodes a MAPK kinase belonging to a protein kinase signal transduction cascade. MAP2K3 is a dual-specificity kinase, which is activated by cytokines and environmental stress; it catalyses phosphorylation of threonine and tyrosine residues in MAPK14/MAP kinase p38.

Molecular pathology
Defects in MAP2K3 have been described in colorectal cancer.
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(b) Western blot and analysis of p-MKK3/6, MKK3 and MKK6.
Fucosterol Protects against Concanavalin A-Induced Acute Liver Injury: Focus on P38 MAPK/NF-[kappa]B Pathway Activity
Ifedigbo et al., "MKK3 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway mediates carbon monoxide-induced protection against oxidant-induced lung injury," American Journal of Pathology, vol.
An Overview of the Potential Therapeutic Applications of CO-Releasing Molecules
Others have reported that p53 GOF mutants R175H, R273H, and R280K aberrantly induce p38 activation via transcriptional activation of MKK3 (an upstream kinase of p38), thereby maintaining the G2/M checkpoint [30].
Combination of Proteasome and Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Overcomes the Impact of Gain-of-Function p53 Mutations
The expression plasmids, for constitutively active (CA) forms of MKK3 (MKK3b (E)) and MKK6 (MKK6b (E)) and dominant-negative mutant forms of p38[alpha] (fp38[alpha] (AF)) and p38[beta] (fp38[beta]2 (AF)), have been described previously [16].
Curcumin Inhibits NTHi-Induced MUC5AC Mucin Overproduction in Otitis Media via Upregulation of MAPK Phosphatase MKP-1
Nuclear factor-(NF-) [kappa]B and activator protein- (AP-) 1 are two main transcription factors that initiate inflammation by activation of a series of intracellular signals composed of inhibitor of [kappa]B kinase (IKK[alpha]/[beta]), AKT (protein kinase B), Src, and Syk for NF-[kappa]B and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1), IRAK4, transforming growth factor beta-kinase 1 (TAK1), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3 (MKK3), and MKK6 for AP-1 [5-8].
Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Piper attenuatum Methanol Extract in LPS-Stimulated Inflammatory Responses
Furthermore, miR-20a, another component of the miR-17-92 cluster, acts in a feedback loop to repress the expression of MKK3 and to negatively regulate p38 pathway-mediated VEGF-induced ECs migration and angiogenesis [45].
Function, Role, and Clinical Application of MicroRNAs in Vascular Aging
(4-10) The MKK4 and MKK7 MAPKKs have been shown to activate JNK, and the MKK3 and MKK6 MAPKKs serve as the major activators of the p38 MAPK.
MAP kinase cascades regulating axon regeneration in C. elegans
p38[delta] MAPK is unique as it can be activated by four separate MKKs: the p38 MAPK specific MKK3 and MKK6 and also the JNK MKKs-4 and -7 [7-9, 18].
P38[delta] MAPK: emerging roles of a neglected isoform
The p38 MAPK participates in macrophage and neutrophil functional responses including respiratory burst activity, chemotaxis, granular exocytosis, adherence, and apoptosis, as well as mediates T cell differentiation and apoptosis by regulating the production of IFN-7.37 In addition, p38 MAPKs can be activated by MAPKKs, MKK3 and MKK6.
Differential gene expressions of the MAPK signaling pathway in enterovirus 71-infected rhabdomyosarcoma cells
Defective IL-12 production in mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase 3 (Mkk3)-deficient mice.
Stimulation of IFN-[gamma] production by garlic lectin in mouse spleen cells: Involvement of IL-12 via activation of p38 MAPK and ERK in macrophages
This implies that MKK3 enhances the activity of the MEF2 transcription factor.
Abstracts of papers presented at the 2004 collegiate meetings
MKK6 activates all four p38 isoforms, while MKK3 can activate p38[alpha], [beta], and [delta], but not p38[gamma] [35], and MKK4 activates p38[alpha] and [delta] [36].
Functional roles of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses

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