Root morphology: The present study indicated that 150 mM NaCl treatment had the inhibited effects on total root length, root projected area, root surface area, root diameter, root volume and
lateral root number (Table 2).
In response to light, several molecules and metabolites, such as phytohormones, sucrose, RNA's and proteins, are produced in the aerial part and mobilized at the roots, where they trigger photomorphogenic changes, such as root growth and
lateral root emission (LEE et al., 2017).
Galls of the four varieties had
lateral roots, with these being particularly abundant in Ojo de Senorita and Negra Imilla; this characteristic has been previously observed in several associations of this nematode with other vegetable crops ( Vovlas et al., 2007; Tordable et al., 2010).
Dry biomass values of seedling components before treatments were 0.173 [+ or -] 0.084 g, 0.502 [+ or -] 0.128 g, 0.562 [+ or -] 0.174 g, 0.189 [+ or -] 0.061 g and 0.207 [+ or -] 0.058 for taproot,
lateral roots, needles, bark and stele, respectively.
of
lateral roots, Fresh roots weight and RCI for S.
When the median nerve is formed by three roots the additional root can come from either lateral cord (two
lateral roots) or medial cord (two medial roots).
Moreover, Cu toxicity resulted in shortened internodes, short, fragile shoots and roots, curling in roots, absence of
lateral roots or roots hairs, due to mobility of metals in the plants (Sheldon and Menzies, 2005).
Mitotic index, root length and number of
lateral roots:
When trees are direct-seeded, for example, the primary roots must do the initial soil exploration, whereas transplanted seedlings use their
lateral roots for exploration.
Root distribution was determined by separating the
lateral roots from the taproot.
The pericycle is related to the formation of
lateral roots (Figure 1), which play an important role in plant development, facilitating oxygen diffusion from the base to the apex as well as water, ion, and nutrient uptake [32, 33], allowing the construction of ramified root systems.