Protein interacting with C kinase 1 (PICK1) and
GluR2 are associated with presynaptic plasma membrane and vesicles in hippocampal excitatory synapses.
Dietary enrichment with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids reverses age-related decreases in the
GluR2 and NR2B glutamate receptor subunits in rat forebrain.
Aronica et al., "Global ischemia induces downregulation of
glur2 mRNA and increases AMPA receptor-mediated [Ca.sup.2+] influx in hippocampal CA1 neurons of gerbil," The Journal of Neuroscience, vol.
Criteria to define DA neurons at day 70 were the following: neuronal morphology, coexpression of TH/ MAP2, coexpression of TH/dopamine transporter (DAT), coexpression of TH/vesicular monoamine-associated transporter 2 (VMAT2), coexpression of TH/AMPAR subunit
GluR2, and functional dopamine release and uptake from cultures containing DA neurons.
AMPA receptor calcium permeability is largely determined by the
GluR2 subunit which is posttranscriptionally edited, changing a codon encoding glutamine to one encoding arginine (Gln/Arg) in the second transmembrane domain, making the receptor complex impermeable to calcium.
Gao et al., "Involvement of
GluR2 upregulation in neuroprotection by electroacupuncture pretreatment via cannabinoid CB1 receptor in mice," Scientific Reports, vol.
Mechanisms for activation and antagonism of an AMPA-sensitive glutamate receptor: crystal structures of the
GluR2 ligand binding core.
However, the al-AR mediated LTD results from removal of GluRl subunits rather than
GluR2 subunits from the AMPA receptors (McElligott et al.
High abundance of GluR1 mRNA and reduced Q/R editing of
GluR2 mRNA in individual NADPH-diaphorase neurons.
They include reduced expression of kinases/phosphatases, cytoskeletal proteins, synaptic proteins, and neurotransmitter receptors in NFT-bearing CA1 neurons [9], downregulation of neurotrophic factors and upregulation of proapoptotic molecules in the hippocampal CA1 region [10], disturbed sphingolipid metabolism in various brain regions during progression of AD [11], and overexpression of the AMPA receptor
GluR2 subunit in synaptosomes of the prefrontal cortex [12].
Zhu, "The early stage formation of PI3K-AMPAR
GluR2 subunit complex facilitates the long term neuroprotection induced by propofol post-conditioning in rats," PLoS ONE, vol.
GluRl is the most abundant subtype in laminae I and II where it overlaps with
GluR2 and/or GluR3, while GluR4 is confined to some lamina I projection cells.