The impact of
Fc receptors on the development of autoimmune diseases.
IgG antibodies (with the exception of IgG3) are known to bind to neonatal
Fc receptors (FcRn) in the endosomes of endothelial cells following internalization, where they are protected from catabolism and recycled so that their half-lives are significantly longer than the half-lives of other antibodies (38).
Investigation of the interaction between the class I MHC-related
Fc receptor and its immunoglobulin G ligand.
To overcome the variability resulting from both cell donor sources and
Fc receptors, laboratories have developed modified cell lines that either enhance the NK ADCC response by down regulating NK cell inhibitory signals (J Immunol.
Unlike IgG, IgY antibodies do not bind to bacterial
Fc receptors, such as staphylococcal protein A or streptococcal protein G (JENSENIUS et al., 1981).
van Egmond, "Inefficient antigen presentation via the IgA
Fc receptor (FcaRI) on dendritic cells," Immunobiology, vol.
The most potent chemicals were DEX (both doses) and TCDD (high dose), up-regulating genes in the [CD8.sup.+] and [CD4.sup.+] arms of the antigen presentation pathway, major histocompatibility (MHC) I (B2m) and MHC II (CD74, HLA-DMA, HLA-DMB, HLA-DQA1, HLA-DQB1, HLA-DRA, HLA-DRB1) molecules, and three
Fc receptors. At the high dose, all four chemicals also altered a related pathway, crosstalk between dendritic and NK cells, and general function categories related to quantity and chemotaxis of antigen-presenting cells (APCs); and DEX altered additional APC functions.
(8) In addition, however, based on this tragic event, an increased emphasis on preclinical consideration of
Fc receptor interactions is likely to be required by regulatory agencies.
The patent, EP2801583, issued by the European Patent Office, "Genetically Modified Human Natural Killer Cell," includes a key composition claim directed to NantKwest's proprietary haNK cells that have been engineered to express a high affinity
Fc receptor, also described as CD16, in combination with an antibody that specifically binds to an antigen expressed by a cancer or infected cell.
The transaction adds to the company's increasing range with the addition of clinical-stage SYNT001, a humanised monoclonal antibody that inhibits the interaction of neonatal
Fc receptor (FcRn) with Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgG immune complexes with the potential to treat a number of rare IgG-mediated diseases.
For example, the toxicity profile of the mAbs has been illustrated in the case of trastuzumab (anti-HER2/neu), in which CARs carrying the IgG1-derived CH2CH3 domain as extracellular spacer may interact with the
Fc receptor expressed on innate immune cells (e.g., macrophages and NK cells), leading to antigen-independent activation [29].