Of the 2,046 head of imported Murrah buffaloes vaccinated against
FMD from Brazil, 87 head were destroyed when found to be positive reactors to NSP
FMD Elisa antibodies upon testing in the Philippines,' the document added.
Although in Pakistan, mostly small and large ruminants are reared together but few
FMD outbreaks have been reported in sheep and goats (Anjum et al.
North Central Province was chosen for the following reasons:
FMD is enzootic in the area and it appears that
FMD has been emerging as the major killer disease among cattle; it has the second largest cattle and buffalo population (0.
FMD is almost never fatal, but the disease can cause a host of unexpected and serious problems when it limits blood flow or causes the artery to dissect.
The Philippines received OIE recognition for its efforts in 2011 is one of the 11 OIE Member Countries that are free of
FMD and where vaccination against
FMD is no longer practiced.
The questionnaire asked whether respondents had observed
FMD in their herd in the previous year and (separate question) in the previous 2 years.
At 120 minutes (45 minutes after the drink), baseline diameter and BV were measured before a second
FMD measurement was made.
A breakthrough in
FMD research came in 2010 when veterinary medical officer Jonathan Arzt identified the site where
FMD virus initiates infection in cattle.
Two decades ago, when
FMD went unchecked, it spread among the wildlife of Nagarahole National Park.
1-3,8) Familial cases of
FMD have been reported, and inheritance appears most compatible with an autosomal dominant pattern, with incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity.
He said that without widespread annual vaccinations, inspection and control of the movement of live animals and animal products, animal health certification, and a strong and well-supported public veterinary service within Pakistan,
FMD remains and will remain endemic.
The team, based at the Pirbight Institute, say the breakthrough is "close to the holy grail of
FMD vaccines".
