Endocrine

en·do·crine

(en'dō-krin),

1. Secreting internally, most commonly into the systemic circulation; of or pertaining to such secretion. Compare: paracrine, autocrine.

2. The internal or hormonal secretion of a ductless gland. Compare: endocrine hormones.

3. Denoting a gland that furnishes an internal secretion.

[endo- + G. krinō, to separate]

endocrine

(ĕn′də-krĭn, -krēn′)

adj.

1. Secreting internally.

2. Of or relating to endocrine glands or the hormones secreted by them.

n.

1. The secretion of an endocrine gland; a hormone.

2. An endocrine gland.

menopause

Change of life, climacteric, 'time of life'  Gynecology The cessation of menstrual activity due to failure to form ovarian follicles, which normally occurs age 45–50 Clinical Menstrual irregularity, vasomotor instability, 'hot flashes', irritability or psychosis, ↑ weight, painful breasts, dyspareunia, ↑/↓ libido, atrophy of urogenital epithelium and skin, ASHD, MI, strokes and osteoporosis–which can be lessened by HRT. See Estrogen replacement therapy, Hot flashes, Male menopause, Premature ovarian failure, Premature menopause. Cf Menarche.

Menopause–”…what a drag it is getting old.” Jagger, Richards

Bladder Cystourethritis, frequency/urgency, stress incontinence

Breasts ↓ Size, softer consistency, sagging

Cardiovascular Angina, ASHD, CAD

Endocrine Hot flashes

Mucocutaneous Atrophy, dryness, pruritus, facial hirsutism, dry mouth

Neurologic Psychological, sleep disturbances

Pelvic floor Uterovaginal prolapse

Skeleton  Osteoporosis, fractures, low back pain

Vagina Bloody discharge, dyspareunia, vaginitis

Vocal cords Deepened voice

Vulva  Atrophy, dystrophy, pruritus

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hypertension

High blood pressure Cardiovascular disease An abnormal ↑ systemic arterial pressure, corresponding to a systolic BP of > 160 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP of 95 mm Hg and graded according to intensity of ↑ diastolic BP; HTN affects ± 60 million in the US Workup Evaluation of HTN requires clinical Hx for Pt, family Hx, 2 BP determinations, funduscopy, ID of bruits in neck & abdominal aorta, evaluation of peripheral edema, peripheral pulses and residual neurologic defects in stroke victims, chest films to determine cardiac size and lab parameters to rule out causes of secondary HTN Risk factors Race–blacks more common, ♂, family history of HTN, obesity, defects of lipid metabolism, DM, sedentary lifestyle, cigarette smoking, electrolyte imbalance–eg, ↑ sodium, phosphorus, ↓ potassium, tin Treatment Diet–eg, sodium restriction, ↓ calories, alcohol and cigarettes–the weight gain accompanying smoking cessation tends to offset the minimal ↓ in BP, calcium supplements, lifestyle manipulation–eg, biofeedback, ↑ exercise; antihypertensives–eg, diuretics–benzothiadiazines, loop diuretics, potassium-sparing diuretics, sympatholytic agents–central and peripheral-acting α-adrenergics, β-adrenergics, mixed α- and β-blockers, direct vasodilators, ACE inhibitors–the preferred agent to use ab initio, dihydropiridine CCBs. See ACCT, ACE inhibitor, Borderline hypertension, Borderline isolated systolic hypertension, Calcium channel blocker, Drug-induced hypertension, Essential hypertension, Exercise hypertension, Familial dyslipemic hypertension, Gestational hypertension, Idiopathic intracranial hypertension, Isolated systolic hypertension, Malignant hypertension, MRC, Obetension, Paradoxic hypertension, Pill hypertension, Pregnancy-induced hypertension, Pseudohypertension, Pulmonary hypertension, Refractory hypertension, Renovascular hypertension, SHEP, STOP-Hypertension, TAIM, TOHP-1, TOMHSTyramine hypertension, White coat hypertension.

Hypertension

Class I–mild Diastolic pressure 90-104 mm Hg

Class II–moderate Diastolic pressure 105-119 mm Hg

Class III–severe Diastolic pressure > than 120 mm Hg

Hypertension types

Essential hypertension Idiopathic HTN The major form comprising 90% of all HTN

Malignant hypertension A sustained BP > 200/140 mm Hg, resulting in arteriolar necrosis, most marked in the brain, eg. cerebral hemorrhage, infarcts, and hypertensive encephalopathy, eyes, eg papilledema and hypertensive retinopathy and kidneys, eg acute renal failure and hypertensive nephropathy; if malignant HTN is uncorrected or therapy refractory, Pts may suffer a hypertensive crisis in which prolonged high BP causes left ventricular hypertrophy and CHF

Paroxysmal hypertension Transient or episodic waves of ↑ BP of any etiology, punctuated by periods of normotension, typical of pheochromocytoma

Portal hypertension ↑ portal vein pressure caused by a backflow of blood through splenic arteries, resulting in splenomegaly and collateral circulation, resulting in esophageal varices and/or hemorrhoids; PH may be intra- or extrahepatic, and is often due to cirrhosis, or rarely portal vein disease, venous thrombosis, tumors or abscesses

Pulmonary hypertension A condition defined as a 'wedge' systolic/diastolic pressure > 30/20 mm Hg–Normal: 18-25/12-16 mm Hg, often secondary to blood stasis in peripheral circulation, divided into passive, hyperkinetic, vasoocclusive, vasoconstrictive and secondary forms. See Pulmonary HTN.

Renovascular hypertension see there.

Secondary hypertension

• Aging

• Cardiovascular Open heart surgery, coarctation of aorta, ↑ cardiac output–anemia, thyrotoxicosis, aortic valve insufficiency

• Cerebral ↑ Intracranial pressure

• Endocrine Mineralocorticoid excess, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, glucocorticoid excess, eg Cushing syndrome, hyperparathyroidism, acromegaly

• Gynecologic Pregnancy, oral contraceptives

• Neoplasia Renin-secreting tumors, pheochromocytoma

• ↓ Peripheral vascular resistance AV shunts, Paget's disease of bone, beri-beri

• Renal disease Vascular, parenchymal

en·do·crine

(en'dō-krin)

1. Secreting internally, most commonly into the systemic circulation; of or pertaining to such secretion.
Compare: paracrine

2. The internal or hormonal secretion of a ductless gland.

3. Denoting a gland that furnishes an internal secretion.

[endo- + G. krinō, to separate]

Endocrine

A system of organs that produces chemicals that go into the bloodstream to reach other organs whose functioning they affect.

Mentioned in: Cushing's Syndrome, Hyperparathyroidism, Hypopituitarism, Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndromes, Ovarian Cysts, Pancreatic Cancer, Endocrine, Pancreatitis

en·do·crine

(en'dō-krin)

Secreting internally, most commonly into the systemic circulation; of or pertaining to such secretion.

Patient discussion about Endocrine

Q. Can women think strange when pregnant? Is it due to hormonal imbalance? Please help me; I’m 21 and this is my first pregnancy. I am in the first trimester. Yet I don’t feel morning sickness but feel tired throughout the day. Can women think strange when pregnant? Is it due to hormonal imbalance?

A. First, congratulations for your first pregnancy, Elizabeth..

You need not to worry about you're not being nausea during this first trimester. Although morning sickness is a common symptoms of first trimester pregnancy, it doesn't always happened to every pregnant moms. So all you need to do is stay healthy always, by consuming healthy foods, and if you're a working woman, you need to limit your daily works, because first trimester is quite crucial. First trimester is a phase when your fetus is developing its organ, and the attachment to its mother's uterus is becoming strong.

In second trimester, usually there will be less problems, the nausea feeling will often fade away by itself. One other important thing is to get yourself checked to your Ob-GYN doctor (antenatal care), to make sure your pregnancy is okay, and to monitor your baby's development.

In case you're thinking strange, I don't think it is a significant problem. Maybe it's just because this is your very first expe