Cytokines


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amplification system

Physiology A generic term for any group of proteins that function in coordinated sequences, forming positive feedback loops for expanding the response to a low intensity signal
Amplification systems
Coagulation,
eg factor Xa activating factor 'X' in the presence of factor VIII, Ca2+, and phospholipid
Complement
Augments B-cell response. See Alternative and Classic pathways
.
Cytokines
Amplifies T-cell response, ILs, kinins, lipid mediators and mast cell products
.
McGraw-Hill Concise Dictionary of Modern Medicine. © 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

cytokines

A general term for a range of proteins of low molecular weight that exert a stimulating or inhibiting influence on the proliferation, differentiation and function of cells of the immune system. Cytokines include INTERLEUKINS and INTERFERONS.
Collins Dictionary of Medicine © Robert M. Youngson 2004, 2005

Cytokines

Chemicals made by the cells that act on other cells to stimulate or inhibit their function. Cytokines that stimulate growth are called "growth factors."
Mentioned in: Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Histiocytosis X, Leukemias, Chronic
Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine. Copyright 2008 The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
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References in periodicals archive ?
Interestingly, we found that, when CB- or mPB-derived [CD34.sup.+] cells were treated with combined proinflammatory cytokines including TNF-[alpha], CD13 expression was highly promoted.
Mobilized Peripheral Blood versus Cord Blood: Insight into the Distinct Role of Proinflammatory Cytokines on Survival, Clonogenic Ability, and Migration of [CD34.sup.+] Cells
Expression of serum cytokines (IL-17A, IL-21, IL-23, IL-10, and TNF-[alpha]) in H.
Proinflammatory Cytokine IL-17 Shows a Significant Association with Helicobacter pylori Infection and Disease Severity
The rats were then sacrificed, and the cytokines were measured in the removed cochlear soft tissues using ELISA.
Changes in Proinflammatory Cytokines in the Cochlea in Relation to Hearing Thresholds in Noise-Exposed Rats
(13) Cytokines measurements were performed by the Cytometric Bead Array (CBA) Flex Set from BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA.
T helper type cytokines in sepsis: time-shared variance and correlation with organ dysfunction and hospital mortality
However, in adjunct therapy, we observed significant results (in terms of parasite clearance in visceral organs, increased pro-inflammatory cytokines response and decreased/ marginal increase of anti-inflammatory cytokine response).
Adjunct Therapy of rIFN-[gamma] and rIL-17A along with Sub-optimal Dose of Amphotericin-B effectively Control the Leishmania donovani Parasitic Growth in Infected Mice
These multiple inflammatory mechanisms contribute to the increased pro-inflammatory circulating cytokines (9).
Interleukin-12 as a biomarker of the beneficial effects of food restriction in mice receiving high fat diet or high carbohydrate diet
Viral infections also may induce the release of epithelial mediators and cytokines that may prop agate eosinophilia.
The powerful virus inflammatory response
Some monoclonal antibody drugs, for example, have helped patients manage symptoms of the disease, but they work by neutralizing only specific types of cytokines. This is not sufficient to treat the disease, said Zhang, as there are many different types of cytokines and pathological molecules involved.
Researchers develop neutrophil 'nanosponges' to cure arthritis
Cytokines and atherosclerosis: a comprehensive review of studies in mice.
Interleukin-2 and Interferon-Camma Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Iranian Patients with Chronic Heart Failure
Although the pathological role of B-cell derived cytokines appears to be evident, their clinical utility is unclear.
Comparacion de citocinas plasmaticas antes y despues del tratamiento con rituximab en pacientes con artritis reumatoide y lupus eritematoso sistemico asociado a poliautoinmunidad
There is significant debate about the role of cytokines in pregnancy.
Cytokines and endometrial receptivity after intracytoplasmic sperm injection - A cohort study at Islamabad
Cytokine hemoadsorption is found to be a safe and effective adjuvant in the management of sepsis.
Cytokine hemoadsorption therapy - An adjuvant in the management of septic shock with multi-organ dysfunction: A case report

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