Keywords: Dog, Mutation, Quantitative RT-PCR,
CDKN1A, Carcinomas, Tumor suppressor gene.
The mutations of 4 genes, including FGFR3, E74-like ETS transcription factor 3 (ELF3), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (
CDKN1A), and TSC complex subunit 1 (TSC1), were enriched in luminal tumors, while the basal tumors were enriched for the mutations of TP53, RB1, and nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (NFE2L2) genes.
Rather than traditional SNPs involved in pro-oncogenic or tumor suppressive activities, such as MYC or
CDKN1A in colorectal cancer [68, 69], GCT SNPs may cause slight perturbations in PGC development that lead to differentiation failure, mismigration, or aberrant proliferation.
Interestingly, Layman reported that systemic SAHA administration offers almost complete protection against hair cell loss from acute ototoxic insult (a side effect of cisplatin) via the increased expression of prosurvival genes
Cdkn1a (p21) and Hspa1a (Hsp70) and decreased expression of the proapoptosis gene Bcl2l11 (Bim) [19].
The four genes CDH1, MYC, SOS2, and
CDKN1A are obtained from the prostate cancer network.
Belani et al., "
CDKN1A and CDKN1B polymorphisms and risk of advanced prostate carcinoma," Cancer Research, vol.
Docetaxel downregulated the mRNA levels of p53, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (
CDKN1A), and cadherin-13 and upregulated mucin1 (MUC1), GATA-binding protein 3 (GATA3), and c-MYC, whereas melatonin reverted this actions.
Gene_ID RPKM (PDMS) RPKM (SLIPS) Fold change JUN 54.73 54.43 1.01 FOS JUNB 25.95 28.97 1.12 JUND 37.9 35.27 1.07 CCND1 277.19 294.78 1.06 TP53 53.42 54.16 1.01
CDKN1A 169.31 174.25 1.03 AP-1 CDKN2A n.s.
The mechanism underlying 1,25[(OH).sub.2][D.sub.3] induced G0/G1 phase growth arrest involves up-regulation of molecules like cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors such as [p21.sup.WAF1/CIP1] (
CDKN1A) and [p27.sup.KIP1] (CDKN1B) (Verlinden et al., 1998; Katayama et al., 2003), as well as transforming growth factor [beta], TGF[beta] (which can inhibit the proliferation of epithelial cells), TGF[beta] receptors and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), which regulates the availability of insulin-like growth factor (IGF), an important mitogen for normal mammary epithelial and breast cancer cells (Swami et al., 2003).
The selected genes included well-known oncogenes such as FOS and JUN and tumor suppressors such as
CDKN1A and SERPINB5 from the top and bottom 60 FA-responsive genes (Tables 3 and 4).
The
CDKN1A is involved in the regulation of transcription, apoptosis, DNA replication and repair, and cell motility (Abbas and Dutta, 2009; Cazzalini et al., 2010).
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) may be primed by serum from stroke patients and this priming upregulates the expression of miRNA-20a, which in turn promotes MSC proliferation by regulating cell cycle and p21
CDKN1A [38].