1] On immunohistochemical staining, RDD histiocytes were positive for CD68, CD14, HLA-DR, fascin,
CD163, and S-100, but typically negative for CD1a, enabling the disease to be distinguishing from Langerhans histiocytosis.
Soluble
CD163 made by monocyte/macrophages is a novel marker of HIV activity in early and chronic infection prior to and after anti-retroviral therapy.
CD14 (555-397, BD Bioscience, Heidelberg, Germany), CD68 (11-0689-42, eBioscience, Frankfurt am Main, Germany),
CD163 (12-1639-42, eBioscience), and CD206 (12-2069-42, eBioscience) were used as positive markers for macrophages.
C, Immunostain for
CD163 highlights increased Hofbauer cells.
In the study done by Harris et al, (14) CD68 and
CD163 IHC stains were used to study the macrophage count of 44 cases of cHL.
In contrast, M2 microglia have an antiinflammatory phenotype, and express different molecules such as IL-4, arginase 1, Ym1,
CD163, CD206, and IL10.
Colon mucosa of patients both with spondyloarthritis and Crohns disease is enriched with macrophages expressing the scavenger receptor
CD163.
An immunohistochemical stain for
CD163 may be useful, as upregulation of this receptor facilitates hemophagocytosis.
Soluble
CD163 antigen in the serum has also been reported to be consistent with TARC level and response to treatment [4].
Further characterization of macrophages can be performed by analyzing such markers as MMR,
CD163, TGF-RII, CSFR1, TNFRI, CD16, CD32, CD64, and stabilin-1, as well as the expression of TLR1, TLR2, and TLR4 at mRNA level and on the cell surface.
phox] potentiates macrophages towards M2 upon LPS stimulation followed by increase of M2 markers IL-4R[alpha], Ym1, Fizz1, Mrc1,
CD163, and MARCO.
The histological diagnosis is met when typical ECD histiocytes are found in the examined lesion while testing positive for CD68,
CD163, and Factor XIIIa and negative for CD1a on immunohistochemical staining [2, 9].
